1. The Bhopal Gas Tragedy was caused by :
<p>The Bhopal Gas Tragedy, which occurred in 1984, was caused by the release of methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas.</p>
<p>This highly toxic substance was stored in a pesticide plant and its accidental release led to one of the worst industrial disasters in history, causing thousands of deaths and injuries.</p>
2. The pale yellow colour of urine is due to the presence of which pigment?
The pale yellow color of urine is primarily due to the pigment urochrome, which is a byproduct of the breakdown of hemoglobin from red blood cells.
Urochrome is responsible for the yellow hue and varies in intensity depending on hydration levels and other factors.
3. Where is 'Dakshin Gangotri' located ?
Dakshin Gangotri is an Indian research station located in Antarctica.
It was established in 1983 and was one of the first Indian stations set up on the continent to support scientific research.
It is not to be confused with locations in the Himalayas or Uttarakhand.
4. Which gas is used as fire extinguisher?
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is commonly used in fire extinguishers.
It works by displacing oxygen around the fire, thus smothering the flames and preventing the fire from continuing. CO₂ extinguishers are effective for electrical fires and flammable liquids.
5. A fan produces a feeling of comfort during hot weather because:
A fan produces a feeling of comfort in hot weather by increasing air circulation, which enhances the evaporation of perspiration from the skin.
This process helps to cool the body, as evaporation absorbs heat, making the environment feel cooler even though the fan does not lower the air temperature itself.
6. What is the unit for measuring the intensity of sound ?
The intensity of sound is typically measured in decibels (dB). The decibel scale is a logarithmic unit used to express the ratio of one value of a physical property to another on a logarithmic scale. In the context of sound, it measures the power or intensity of sound waves.
Here's a brief explanation of the other units listed in the options to clarify why they are not used for measuring sound intensity:
Coulomb (C): This is the unit of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI). It measures the amount of electric charge transported by a constant electric current of one ampere in one second.
Henry (H): This is the unit of inductance in the SI system. It measures the ability of an inductor to store energy in a magnetic field.
Hertz (Hz): This is the unit of frequency in the SI system. It measures the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon, such as sound waves or electromagnetic waves.
In summary, decibel (dB) is the correct unit for measuring the intensity of sound because it quantifies the power level of sound waves, indicating how loud a sound is perceived.
7. Restarting of computer that is already on is referred to as:
A warm boot, also known as a "soft reboot," refers to the process of restarting a computer system without completely shutting down the power. This is typically done using the operating system's restart function, which reinitializes the system and reloads the operating system without turning off the hardware.
Here are the terms explained again for clarity:
Cold booting (A): Also known as a "cold start," this refers to starting a computer from a completely powered-down state. This involves turning on the power switch and initializing the system from scratch.
Logging off (B): This refers to ending the current user session, allowing another user to log in without shutting down the computer. It does not restart the computer.
Shut down (C): This refers to turning off the computer completely, ending all processes and cutting power to the system.
Warm booting (D): This is the process of restarting a computer that is already on, without turning off the power. It involves reloading the operating system and reinitializing the hardware and software components.
In summary, warm booting is the correct term for restarting a computer system without completely shutting down the power.
8. 'ASTROSAT' is a satellite launched by ISRO for :
ASTROSAT is India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory.
It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to conduct detailed studies of celestial sources in different wavelengths, including X-rays, ultraviolet, and visible light.
Its mission is to observe and analyze the universe's various phenomena, contributing to the field of astronomy and astrophysics.
9. Which of the following is the largest ecological unit ?
Organism (A): An individual living entity, such as a plant, animal, bacterium, etc.
Population (B): A group of organisms of the same species living in a particular area.
Biome (C): A large geographic area characterized by specific climate conditions and particular types of plants and animals. Examples include deserts, forests, grasslands, and tundras.
Ecosystem (D): A community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment within a specific area. Ecosystems can vary greatly in size.
Among these, a biome is the largest ecological unit, encompassing multiple ecosystems and covering extensive geographical areas.
10. Which of the following cell organelles is referred to as the 'suicidal bags' or 'disposal units' ?
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes.
They are responsible for breaking down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances within the cell.
If a cell is damaged or undergoing apoptosis (programmed cell death), lysosomes can release their enzymes to digest the cell's components, hence the term 'suicidal bags'.
11. What is the temperature when density of water is the highest
At 4°C, water reaches its maximum density, which is an unusual property compared to most other substances.
As water cools below 4°C, it begins to expand again, which is why ice is less dense than liquid water and floats.
12. Which of the following cells produce immune response in human body ?
White blood cells (WBCs), also known as leukocytes, are a crucial part of the immune system. They help the body fight infections and other diseases.
There are several types of white blood cells, including lymphocytes (such as B cells and T cells), neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, each playing a unique role in the immune response.
13. The hottest part of the gas flame is known as:
The non-luminous zone, often referred to as the blue zone, is the part of the flame where complete combustion occurs.
This area is the hottest because it has the most efficient combustion, producing the maximum amount of heat.
14. Which microorganism is responsible for Dengue fever?
Dengue fever is transmitted by mosquitoes of the species Aedes aegypti.
These mosquitoes are the primary vectors for the Dengue virus, which is responsible for causing Dengue fever in humans.
The disease is characterized by high fever, severe headaches, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain, rash, and bleeding manifestations.
15. Blood Circulation was discovered by?
William Harvey, an English physician, is credited with the discovery of the systemic circulation of blood. In 1628, he published his work "De Motu Cordis" (On the Motion of the Heart and Blood), which detailed how blood circulates through the body, driven by the pumping action of the heart.
16. The largest gland of human body is :
The liver is the largest gland in the human body and performs a wide range of functions, including detoxifying harmful substances, producing bile for digestion, and regulating various metabolic processes.
17. In a computer, the parity bit is added for the purpose of:
A parity bit is a binary digit added to a set of binary data to ensure that the number of bits with a value of 1 is even or odd, depending on the type of parity being used (even or odd parity).
It helps detect errors that may have occurred during data transmission or storage by checking if the parity matches the expected value.
18. The digested food is absorbed in
The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It has three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the jejunum and ileum.
19. Which one of the following gases, present in the air near the surface of the Earth, has maximum concentrations?
Nitrogen makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere by volume, making it the most abundant gas in the air.
Oxygen is the second most abundant gas, comprising about 21% of the atmosphere. Hydrogen and methane are present in much smaller concentrations.
20. Check the odd term out:
Internet is a global network of interconnected computers and servers that communicate using standard protocols.
In contrast, Linux, Unix, and Windows are operating systems or families of operating systems.
21. A Barometer can be used for : 1)Measuring atmospheric pressure 2)Determining altitudes 3)Measuring density of liquid 4)Weather forecasting
Measuring atmospheric pressure: This is the primary use of a barometer.
Determining altitudes: A barometer can be used to estimate altitude based on changes in atmospheric pressure, as pressure decreases with increasing altitude.
Weather forecasting: Changes in atmospheric pressure measured by a barometer can be used to predict weather patterns.
A barometer is not typically used for measuring the density of liquids, so option 3 does not apply.
22. Which of the following is not a property of acids ?
Acids turn blue litmus paper red. The other properties listed are correct:
A: All acids have a sour taste (e.g., citric acid in lemons).
B: Many acids are corrosive in nature (e.g., sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid).
C: Acidic solutions have a pH less than 7.
23. A radar which detect the presence of an aircraft in sky uses :
Radar systems use radio waves to detect and track objects such as aircraft. The radio waves are transmitted and then reflected off the object back to the radar system, which processes the returned signal to determine the object's location and movement.
24. Which of the following is a non metal that remains liquid at room temperature?
Bromine is the only non-metal that is a liquid at room temperature (approximately 20°C or 68°F). The other elements listed are either solids or gases at room temperature:
Phosphorus: Solid
Chlorine: Gas
Helium: Gas
25. The disease caused due to lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH):
Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by excessive thirst and the production of large volumes of dilute urine.
It is caused by a deficiency in ADH, which regulates water balance in the body. This condition is different from diabetes mellitus, which is related to insulin deficiency or resistance.
26. Any part of the computer, which can be seen by the eyes and felt by touching, is called:
Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and internal components like the motherboard and hard drive.
In contrast, software refers to programs and applications, liveware refers to the users operating the computer, and firmware is a type of software embedded in hardware.
27. Which is an example of pollution-free energy?
Wind energy is considered pollution-free because it generates electricity without emitting greenhouse gases or pollutants.
It harnesses the power of wind through turbines to produce energy, unlike coal and mineral oil, which release pollutants and carbon emissions when burned.
28. What is the frequency range of audible waves?
The frequency range of audible waves, which is from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz), corresponds to the range of sound frequencies that the average human ear can detect. Here’s a brief explanation of this range:
20 Hz (Hertz): This is the lowest frequency that most humans can hear. It is a very low, deep bass sound, like the rumble of thunder or the deep vibrations from a subwoofer.
20,000 Hz (20 kHz): This is the highest frequency that most humans can hear. It is a very high-pitched sound, like a dog whistle or certain high-frequency electronic noises.
Frequencies below 20 Hz are called infrasonic and are generally not audible to humans, though they can sometimes be felt as vibrations. Frequencies above 20,000 Hz are called ultrasonic and are also generally inaudible to humans but can be detected by animals and are used in various technologies like ultrasound imaging.
The other frequency ranges listed in the options (B, C, D) fall outside the typical range of human hearing.
29. Human beings hearing range is:
This range encompasses the frequencies of sound that most humans can hear, from low bass tones to high-pitched sounds. Frequencies below 20 Hz are considered infrasonic, and those above 20,000 Hz are ultrasonic, both of which are typically outside the range of human hearing.
30. What is the other name for Vitamin B2 ?
Riboflavin, or Vitamin B2, is essential for energy production and the metabolism of fats, drugs, and steroids. It also plays a key role in maintaining healthy skin, eyes, and nerve functions.
31. The growth of bacteria is measured by:
A spectrophotometer measures the absorbance or optical density of bacterial cultures in a liquid medium.
As bacteria grow and multiply, they increase the turbidity of the culture, which can be quantified using a spectrophotometer.
This allows researchers to estimate bacterial concentration and growth over time.
32. Tajmahal is threatened mostly due to :
Sulphur dioxide (SO₂), which is released from industrial activities and vehicle emissions, reacts with moisture in the air to form sulfuric acid, leading to acid rain.
Acid rain contributes to the deterioration and discoloration of the marble of the Taj Mahal.
33. How much blood does a man have in his body?
The amount of blood in the human body is typically around 7% of a person's total body weight. This percentage can vary slightly based on individual factors such as age, sex, and overall health.
Here’s how it breaks down:
For an average adult: Blood constitutes approximately 7% of body weight. For example, if someone weighs 70 kg (about 154 lbs), they would have around 4.9 liters (about 1.3 gallons) of blood.
Why this percentage? Blood volume is crucial for maintaining various physiological functions, including oxygen transport, nutrient delivery, waste removal, and regulation of body temperature.
Variability: Blood volume can vary based on factors like body composition and fluid levels. Pregnant women, for instance, may have a slightly higher blood volume due to increased blood flow requirements.
This percentage is a general estimate and helps in understanding the proportional relationship of blood to overall body weight.
34. Which of the following is not a property of heavy water ?
Heavy water (D₂O) has a higher boiling point and freezing point compared to ordinary water (H₂O). Specifically:
Boiling point: Heavy water has a boiling point of about 101.4°C, which is higher than the boiling point of ordinary water (100°C).
Freezing point: Heavy water has a freezing point of about 3.8°C, which is lower than the freezing point of ordinary water (0°C).
Density: Heavy water is denser than ordinary water.
Heavy water does not inherently produce corrosion, but its physical and chemical properties differ from those of ordinary water due to the presence of deuterium instead of hydrogen.
35. The isotope used for the production of atomic energy is:
Uranium-235 (U-235) is the isotope that is commonly used as fuel in nuclear reactors and for the production of atomic energy.
It is fissile, meaning it can sustain a nuclear chain reaction. U-238, U-234, and U-236 are other isotopes of uranium, but U-238 is more abundant and is used in breeder reactors, while U-234 and U-236 are less commonly used in nuclear energy production.
36. The Kala-azar disease in man is spread by the bite of a:
Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is caused by the protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and is transmitted by the bite of infected female Phlebotomus sandflies.
37. Who invented ATM ?
John Shepherd-Barron is widely recognized for his role in developing the first functional ATM.
He introduced the concept in the 1960s, and the first ATM was installed by Barclays Bank in London in 1967.
38. Acid rain is caused by
Specifically, acid rain is formed when sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are released into the atmosphere from sources such as industrial processes, vehicle emissions, and power plants.
These gases react with water vapor in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid, which then fall to the ground as acid rain.
39. Who discovered Electron?
J.J. Thomson, a British physicist, discovered the electron in 1897 through his experiments with cathode rays.
His work was foundational in the field of atomic physics and led to the development of the modern atomic model.
40. One of the constitutes of tear gas is:
Chloropicrin, also known as PS or trichloronitromethane, is used as a chemical irritant in tear gas. It causes severe irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system.
41. Which micro-organism is responsible for disease Mumps
Mumps is caused by the mumps virus, which is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family. It primarily affects the salivary glands, leading to symptoms such as swelling and pain.
42. Olive ridley is related to:
The Olive Ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) is a species of sea turtle known for its distinctive olive-colored shell and is found in tropical and subtropical regions.
It is notable for its mass nesting behavior, where thousands of females come ashore to lay eggs.
43. The longest cell in animals is
Specifically, the nerve cells (neurons) can be extremely long.
For example, some neurons in the human body, such as those extending from the spinal cord to the toes, can be over a meter in length. This makes them the longest cells in animals.
44. The sex of a child before birth can be determined by:
Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used to obtain a small sample of amniotic fluid from the uterus, which contains fetal cells.
The genetic material in these cells can be analyzed to determine the sex of the baby and to screen for certain genetic conditions.
45. India's first atomic power station was set up at:
The Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS) is located in Tarapur, Maharashtra, and it was the first commercial nuclear power plant in India, commissioned in 1969.
46. If all bullets could not be removed from gun shot injury of a man, it may cause poisoning by:
Bullets are typically made of lead or have a lead core. If lead bullets remain in the body, they can lead to lead poisoning, which can cause a range of health problems over time.
47. Which of the following lenses would you prefer to read small letters in a dictionary ?
A convex lens with a short focal length, such as 5 cm, provides higher magnification, making it easier to see small text clearly.
Convex lenses converge light rays and magnify objects, which is helpful for reading small print.
48. dolomite is used in which field?
Dolomite is a type of limestone rich in calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. It is used as a soil conditioner to provide essential nutrients and improve soil structure.
It can also be used in other fields, such as in the production of glass and ceramics, and as a flux in steelmaking.
49. The waves which can propagate even through the vacuum,are called __________.
Electromagnetic waves, such as light, radio waves, and X-rays, do not require a medium to travel through and can propagate through the vacuum of space.
50. Which of the following is an anaesthetic gas ?
Nitrous oxide (N₂O), commonly known as "laughing gas," is used as an anesthetic and analgesic in medical and dental procedures.
It helps to induce sedation and manage pain.
51. The speed of light will be minimum while passing through :
Light travels slowest in materials with a higher refractive index. Among the options, glass typically has a higher refractive index compared to air, water, and a vacuum, resulting in the slowest speed of light in glass.
52. Animals living in the tree trunks are known as:
Arboreal animals are adapted to live and move in trees. They spend most of their time in the canopy or on tree trunks.
53. What is Air Quality Index ?
The AQI is a measure used to communicate how polluted the air currently is or how polluted it is forecasted to become.
It typically considers various pollutants, including particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
54. White lung disease is prevalent among the workers of:
Workers in the cement industry are often exposed to asbestos, which can lead to white lung disease. Asbestos exposure causes scarring of the lungs and is associated with a range of respiratory issues.
55. What is the meaning of the word 'Tsunami' in Japanese?
The term "tsunami" comes from the Japanese words "tsu" (harbor) and "nami" (wave), meaning "harbor waves."
This term reflects how the waves can be particularly devastating when they reach coastal areas or harbors.
56. Isaac Newton invented:
Newton developed the reflecting telescope, also known as the Newtonian telescope, in 1668.
This design uses a curved mirror to reflect light and form an image, which was a significant improvement over the refracting telescopes of the time.
57. 'Mirage' is an example of:
A mirage occurs due to the refraction of light when it passes through layers of air at different temperatures, and sometimes also involves total internal reflection, particularly in the case of the "water" seen on hot roads.
The complex interplay of these optical phenomena creates the illusion of water or objects that are not actually present.
58. Which of the following contains maximum carbon dioxide ?
Oceans act as a major carbon sink, absorbing a significant amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. They play a crucial role in regulating global carbon levels and climate.
Oceans contain the maximum carbon dioxide because they serve as a major carbon sink.
Absorption of CO₂: Oceans absorb a large portion of the carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere. When CO₂ dissolves in seawater, it forms carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate and carbonate ions. This process helps to regulate atmospheric CO₂ levels.
Biological Processes: Marine organisms, such as phytoplankton, also contribute to the ocean’s carbon storage. Phytoplankton perform photosynthesis, absorbing CO₂ from the water. When these organisms die, they sink to the ocean floor, effectively sequestering carbon.
Carbon Cycle: The oceanic carbon cycle involves the transfer of CO₂ between the ocean surface and deeper waters. This cycle helps store carbon for long periods, contributing to the ocean’s role as a significant carbon reservoir.
In contrast:
Grasslands and forests absorb CO₂ through photosynthesis but do not store as much CO₂ as the oceans.
Agroecosystems can absorb and store carbon but are typically less effective than natural systems like forests and oceans.
59. Sound waves having frequency less than 20 Hz are called __________ waves.
Infrasonic waves are below the range of human hearing (which is from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz) and can be produced by natural phenomena like earthquakes or man-made sources like engines.
60. The acceleration due to gravity at the equator:
At the equator, the centrifugal force due to the Earth's rotation slightly reduces the effective gravitational acceleration.
Additionally, the Earth’s equatorial bulge means the distance from the center of the Earth to the surface is greater at the equator compared to the poles, which also contributes to the lower effective gravitational acceleration at the equator.
61. The highest tides occur at the time of the new moon and the:
The highest tides, or spring tides, occur during both the new moon and the full moon phases due to the alignment of the Earth, Moon, and Sun. Here’s how it works:
Gravitational Forces: Spring tides happen when the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun are aligned. This alignment occurs during the new moon and the full moon phases. The combined gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun causes the water levels in the ocean to rise and fall more significantly than usual.
New Moon: During the new moon phase, the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun. The gravitational pull of both the Moon and the Sun are in the same direction, leading to higher high tides and lower low tides.
Full Moon: During the full moon phase, the Earth is between the Moon and the Sun. The gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun are aligned but on opposite sides of the Earth, creating a similar effect of enhanced tidal ranges.
In contrast, during the first and third quarter moons, the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun are at right angles to each other, resulting in lower tidal ranges known as neap tides.
62. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas
CFCs are synthetic compounds that trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and ozone depletion.
They are potent greenhouse gases, despite being less common than carbon dioxide or methane.
63. The ingredient that assists clotting of blood is:
Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of certain proteins required for blood clotting. It helps in the production of clotting factors that prevent excessive bleeding.
64. Goverment of India had set up BEE, an autonomous Goverment Agency under Ministry of Power. BEE stands for:
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is an autonomous agency under the Ministry of Power in India, established to promote energy efficiency and conservation.
65. A CD-ROM is a kind of:
CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory) uses laser technology to read data stored on the disc, which is characteristic of optical disks.
66. Brass gets discoloured in air due to constant exposure in presence of:
Hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) reacts with the copper in brass, leading to tarnishing or discoloration of the brass.
67. The HIV virus affects the:
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) specifically affects the immune system by targeting and infecting a type of white blood cell known as CD4+ T lymphocytes, or T helper cells. Here’s a more detailed explanation:
Target Cells: CD4+ T lymphocytes are crucial for coordinating the immune response. They help other immune cells recognize and attack pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.
Infection Mechanism: HIV binds to the CD4 receptor on these T lymphocytes using its own surface proteins (such as gp120). The virus then enters the cell and begins replicating, eventually leading to the destruction of the T cell.
Immune System Impact: As HIV continues to infect and kill CD4+ T cells, the overall number of these cells in the body decreases. This weakens the immune system, making it difficult for the body to fight off infections and diseases.
Progression to AIDS: Over time, if untreated, the loss of CD4+ T cells progresses to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), where the immune system is severely compromised, and the body becomes susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.
In contrast, HIV does not typically target other blood cells like erythrocytes (red blood cells) or other types of white blood cells such as leucocytes (which include various other immune cells).
68. Average distance of the earth from the Sun is:
The average distance of the Earth from the Sun is approximately 150 million kilometers, which is also known as one Astronomical Unit (AU). Here’s a detailed explanation:
Definition of Astronomical Unit: An Astronomical Unit is a standard unit of measurement used in astronomy to describe distances within our solar system. One AU is defined as the average distance between the Earth and the Sun.
Why 150 Million km?: The value of 150 million kilometers is an average because Earth's orbit around the Sun is elliptical, not perfectly circular. The distance varies slightly throughout the year. At perihelion (closest point to the Sun), Earth is about 147 million kilometers away, and at aphelion (farthest point from the Sun), it is about 152 million kilometers away. The average of these distances is about 150 million kilometers.
Importance: This unit helps astronomers and scientists communicate distances within the solar system in a more manageable way compared to using kilometers or miles for such vast distances. For example, it simplifies calculations and comparisons of planetary distances and orbits.
Comparison with Other Distances:
15 Million km: Too small; it's a fraction of the Earth-Sun distance.
90 Million km: Closer to the distance of Venus from the Sun (Venus is about 108 million km from the Sun).
900 Million km: Far too large; it is roughly the distance of Saturn from the Sun.
In summary, 150 million kilometers is the accepted average distance of Earth from the Sun, providing a standard reference for astronomical measurements.
69. The primary producer in an ecosystem are:
Primary producers, also known as autotrophs, are organisms that produce their own food through processes like photosynthesis.
In most ecosystems, plants are the primary producers because they convert solar energy into chemical energy, forming the base of the food chain.
70. What does 'GM' stand for in GM food?
Genetically modified (GM) foods are those that have been altered through genetic engineering to improve their characteristics, such as resistance to pests or diseases, enhanced nutritional content, or better growth rates.
71. Who invented insulin?
Frederick Banting, along with Charles Best, made the groundbreaking discovery of insulin in 1921. Their work was crucial for the treatment of diabetes.
72. What is commonly known as white plague?
Tuberculosis (TB) earned this nickname due to the pale complexion and severe weight loss it often causes in affected individuals.
73. Which of the following is a large blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart ?
Arteries are responsible for transporting oxygen-rich blood from the heart to various parts of the body.
74. Alcohol contains :
Specifically, alcohols have a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom. The general formula for alcohols is C n H 2n+1 OH,
where
𝑛 is the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol molecule.
75. Monitor of a computer is:
A monitor displays information from the computer, making it an output device. It shows visual output such as text, images, and videos generated by the computer's processing.
76. Which of the following is the heaviest ?
Among the options, a neutron is the heaviest particle. Here’s a brief comparison:
Proton: Approximately 1.67 x 10^-27 kg
Neutron: Approximately 1.68 x 10^-27 kg (slightly heavier than a proton)
Electron: Approximately 9.11 x 10^-31 kg (much lighter than protons and neutrons)
Neutrino: Very light, with mass less than that of an electron (though its exact mass is not well-defined and is much smaller than protons, neutrons, and electrons).
77. Running water is the source of:
Hydel power, also known as hydroelectric power, is generated by harnessing the energy of running water. This energy is converted into electricity using turbines and generators.
78. Which is the correct order to show units from largest to smallest ?
The correct order from largest to smallest is:
Litre (L)
Decilitre (dL) — 1 litre = 10 decilitres
Millilitre (mL) — 1 litre = 1,000 millilitres
79. Fruits of this plant are found underground
Groundnuts (also known as peanuts) grow underground. The plant produces flowers above ground, but the fruits (peanuts) develop and mature below the soil surface.
80. Growth hormone is produced by :
The growth hormone, also known as somatotropin, is produced by the pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in growth, metabolism, and body composition.
81. The inert gas which is substituted for nitrogen in the air used by deep sea divers for breathing, is:
Helium is used in place of nitrogen in the breathing mixtures for deep-sea divers, known as helium-oxygen mixtures or heliox. It is less dense than nitrogen, which helps reduce the risk of nitrogen narcosis and improves breathing efficiency under high pressure.
82. The disease caused by Asbestos is
Asbestos exposure can lead to various respiratory diseases, including asbestosis (a type of pneumoconiosis) and lung cancer. Emphysema is a chronic lung condition that is often associated with long-term exposure to irritants, including asbestos.
83. Red blood corpuscles are formed in:
Red blood corpuscles (or red blood cells) are primarily formed in the bone marrow, which is the spongy tissue inside bones.
The liver and kidneys also play roles in regulating red blood cell production, but the actual formation occurs in the bone marrow.
84. The study of hair and its diseases is known as:
Trichology is the branch of dermatology that focuses on the study and treatment of hair and scalp disorders. Here’s a breakdown of why it’s the correct term:
Trichology: Comes from the Greek word "trichos," meaning hair. It involves diagnosing and treating conditions affecting the hair and scalp, such as hair loss, dandruff, and scalp infections.
Other terms:
Penology: This refers to the study of prisons and punishment.
Pomology: This is the branch of botany that deals with the study and cultivation of fruit.
Penology: (Repeated) Is again the study of prisons and punishment.
Thus, trichology is specifically related to hair and its conditions.
85. Who is the first man to land on the Moon ?
The first man to land on the Moon was Neil Armstrong.
He was the commander of Apollo 11 and made history on July 20, 1969, when he became the first human to set foot on the lunar surface.
86. In medical terminology, USG stands for:
In medical terminology, USG stands for Ultrasonography. It is a diagnostic imaging technique used to visualize internal organs and structures using high-frequency sound waves.
87. Iodoform is used as an:
Iodoform is used as an antiseptic. It has been historically used in medical settings to prevent infection in wounds and surgical incisions.
88. The longest day in the southern Hemisphere is on :
The longest day in the Southern Hemisphere is on 22nd December. This date marks the summer solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, when the sun is at its highest point in the sky, resulting in the longest daylight hours of the year.
89. What is condensation?
<p>Condensation is the process where a gas or vapor turns into a liquid when it cools down or comes into contact with a surface that is cooler than the gas.</p>
90. Normally, the substances that fight against diseases in human body are known as :
Antibodies are specialized proteins created by the immune system to identify and neutralize harmful invaders like bacteria, viruses, and toxins.
Each antibody targets a specific pathogen, binding to it and marking it for destruction or neutralization.
This process helps protect the body from infections and diseases.
91. Glaciers always melt first at the:
Glaciers often melt more at the bottom due to geothermal heat from the Earth's interior and pressure from the glacier's own weight.
This melting at the base facilitates the glacier's movement and affects its overall dynamics.
92. Which one of the following has the highest fuel value ?
Hydrogen has the highest calorific value among commonly used fuels due to several reasons:
High Energy Content: Hydrogen has an energy content of about 120-142 MJ/kg, which is significantly higher than other common fuels.
Complete Combustion: Hydrogen undergoes complete combustion, producing only water as a byproduct, making it an environmentally friendly option.
High Heat of Combustion: The heat of combustion for hydrogen is very high, meaning it releases a large amount of energy when burned.
Versatility: Hydrogen can be used in various applications, including fuel cells, internal combustion engines, and as a raw material in industrial processes.
These characteristics make hydrogen an excellent fuel in terms of energy efficiency and environmental impact.
93. As per Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for drinking water acceptable limit for total hardness as CaCO3 is
According to the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for drinking water (IS 10500:2012), the acceptable limits for total hardness as CaCO3 are:
Desirable limit: 200 mg/L
Maximum permissible limit: 600 mg/L (in the absence of an alternate source)
So, the correct answer should be:
B: 200 mg/L
94. The acid present in the stomach of human beings is:
The stomach of human beings contains hydrochloric acid (HCl), which aids digestion by breaking down food and killing harmful bacteria.
This strong acid maintains an acidic environment (pH 1.5 to 3.5) essential for the enzyme pepsin to function effectively in digesting proteins.
95. In a society the growth and development that meets the current human needs and also conserves natural resources for future generations is known as:
Sustainable development refers to growth and development that meets the current human needs while conserving natural resources for future generations, ensuring a balance between economic growth, environmental protection, and social well-being.
96. Living in the atmosphere of CO is dangerous because it:
Carbon monoxide (CO) is dangerous because it binds strongly to hemoglobin, forming carboxyhemoglobin, which reduces the blood's capacity to transport oxygen.
This interference with oxygen delivery can cause symptoms like fatigue, headaches, confusion, and dizziness, and can lead to more severe health issues or even be fatal if exposure is prolonged or intense.
97. An electric bulb has a filament made of
Tungsten is used because it has a high melting point and can withstand the high temperatures required to produce light.
98. All enzymes are actually
Enzymes are biological catalysts that are primarily made of proteins. They speed up chemical reactions in living organisms by lowering the activation energy required for the reactions to occur.
99. Body temperature of a healthy human body is usually around:
The average body temperature of a healthy human is around 37°C (98.6°F).
This temperature is maintained by the body's thermoregulatory system, which involves various mechanisms to balance heat production and heat loss.
Maintaining this temperature is crucial for proper enzyme function, metabolic processes, and overall homeostasis.
Variations can occur due to factors like time of day, physical activity, and individual differences, but 37°C is considered the standard reference for normal body temperature.
100. What is 'Agent Orange' ?
Agent Orange is a herbicide and defoliant used by the U.S. military during the Vietnam War to remove forest cover and crops.
It contained dioxins, which have been linked to serious health issues and environmental damage.
101. Anaemia is caused due to deficiency of:
Anemia is commonly caused by a deficiency of iron, which is crucial for the production of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Without sufficient iron, the body cannot produce enough healthy red blood cells to transport oxygen effectively.
102. Vinegar is chemically a:
Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid (CH₃COOH) in water.
The acetic acid concentration in vinegar is usually between 4% and 8%, depending on the type of vinegar.
Acetic acid is responsible for the characteristic sour taste and strong smell of vinegar.
The term "diluted acetic acid" reflects that vinegar is essentially a diluted form of this acid.
103. Entomology is the science that studies:
Entomology is the scientific study of insects. It encompasses their classification, behavior, physiology, and ecology, helping to understand their roles in ecosystems, agriculture, and their impact on human health.
104. What does the airbag, used for safety of car driver, contain?
Airbags in cars contain sodium azide (NaN₃), which, when ignited in a crash, rapidly decomposes to produce nitrogen gas (N₂) that inflates the airbag.
105. Who discovered Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
Albert Hofmann, a Swiss chemist, discovered lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in 1938.
He is also known for his subsequent work in exploring its psychoactive properties.
106. Which of the following is not a viral disease ?
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, not a virus.
In contrast, polio is caused by the poliovirus, swine flu by the H1N1 influenza virus, and hepatitis by various viruses such as hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Each disease has distinct microbial origins.
107. The process in which living organisms are used to remove contaminants, pollution or other unwanted substances from soil or water is known as:
Bioremediation is the process of using living organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or plants, to remove or neutralize contaminants from soil or water, effectively cleaning up polluted environments.
108. Which of the following minerals is found in Monazite sand ?
Monazite sand is rich in thorium, a radioactive element used in nuclear fuel. It also contains rare earth elements like cerium and lanthanum.
The high thorium content makes monazite valuable for nuclear applications and as a source of these critical materials.
109. A fuse wire has :
An electric fuse is designed with a wire that has high resistivity and a low melting point.
This ensures that when the current exceeds a safe limit, the fuse wire heats up, melts, and breaks the circuit to prevent damage or fire.
This protective measure is crucial for maintaining electrical safety.
110. The pigment which is responsible for blood clotting is:
Fibrinogen is a plasma protein essential for blood clotting.
When a blood vessel is injured, fibrinogen is converted into fibrin, forming a mesh that traps blood cells and platelets to create a clot.
This process prevents excessive bleeding and promotes wound healing.
111. What makes a lemon sour?
Lemons taste sour primarily due to citric acid, which is present in high concentrations.
Citric acid, a weak organic acid, stimulates the taste receptors on the tongue, creating a tart and acidic flavor. This characteristic is common in many citrus fruits.
112. Pure gold is of
Pure gold is referred to as 24 carats, meaning it is 100% gold with no other metals mixed in.
The carat system measures the purity of gold, with 24 carats representing the highest level of purity. Gold alloys, such as 18 or 22 carats, contain other metals mixed in.
113. Which amongst the following is the largest mammal?
The blue whale is the largest mammal and the largest animal ever known to have existed. It can reach lengths of up to 100 feet (30 meters) and weigh as much as 200 tons (180 metric tonnes).
114. One kilobyte is equal to:
One kilobyte (KB) equals 1024 bytes, not 1000, due to the binary system used in computing. In binary, 1 KB is 1024 bytes , as memory and storage are organized in powers of 2.
This distinction is crucial for accurately understanding data sizes.
115. What is reason for using red light as a stop signal ?
Red light is used as a stop signal because it has a long wavelength, which makes it more visible and distinguishable from other colors, even in poor visibility conditions.
This long wavelength also helps ensure that the signal can be seen from a distance.
116. What chemicals are used in fire extinguishers used in houses and offices ?
Fire extinguishers commonly used in houses and offices often contain:
Water for general fires (Class A).
Potassium bicarbonate (also known as baking soda) for fires involving flammable liquids (Class B) or electrical fires.
Fluorocarbons (or halogenated compounds) for fires involving electrical equipment (Class C).
Different extinguishers are designed for different types of fires.
117. Which of the following is an operating system ?
Windows XP is an operating system developed by Microsoft. It manages hardware and software resources on a computer.
Floppy is a storage medium, Oracle is a database management system, and ROM is a type of read-only memory.
118. The purest form of iron is
Wrought iron is considered the purest form of iron because it contains very little carbon and has a fibrous structure that makes it malleable and ductile.
It is often used in applications requiring a high degree of purity and strength.
119. Which of the following is not a member of vitamin B Complex ?
Ascorbic acid is Vitamin C, not a member of the Vitamin B Complex. The Vitamin B Complex includes Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), and Folic acid (B9), among others.
120. Which of the following diseases is not caused by bacteria?
Chikungunya is caused by a virus, specifically the chikungunya virus, transmitted by mosquitoes. Cholera, typhoid, and tuberculosis are all bacterial diseases caused by Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectively.
121. Which of the following diseases is caused by virus ?
Smallpox is caused by the variola virus. Cholera, typhoid, and tuberculosis are caused by bacteria: Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectively.
122. What is the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth ?
Sputnik I was the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth. It was launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, marking the beginning of space exploration.
123. Which of the rays is most dangerous ?
Gamma rays are the most dangerous of the listed rays because they have the highest energy and greatest penetrating power.
They can pass through most materials, including human tissue, potentially causing significant damage at high doses.
Alpha rays have low penetration, beta rays have moderate penetration, and X-rays are less penetrating than gamma rays but still harmful.
124. An alternating current instead of direct current is used in long-distance electric transmission because:
Alternating current (AC) is preferred for long-distance transmission because it can be easily transformed to higher voltages using transformers.
High voltage reduces energy losses due to resistance in the transmission lines, making AC more efficient for long-distance power distribution compared to direct current (DC).
125. Which of the following is not correctly matched ?
Louis Pasteur is known for his work on germ theory and vaccination, not blood groups. The study of blood groups is attributed to Karl Landsteiner.
The other matches are correct: Becquerel for radioactivity, Alexander Fleming for penicillin, and William Harvey for blood circulation.
126. In organic farming:
In organic farming, chemical fertilizers are avoided. Instead, organic farming relies on natural manures, compost, and biofertilizers to maintain soil fertility and support crop growth. Intercropping and the use of biofertilizers are commonly employed practices in organic farming.
127. Pituitary gland is located in
The pituitary gland is located in the brain, specifically at the base of the brain, below the hypothalamus.
It plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions by secreting hormones that influence growth, metabolism, and reproductive processes.
128. In India which is the most widely used form of renewable energy ?
As of the latest data, India has indeed made significant strides in solar power. With an installed capacity of approximately 85.47 GW, solar energy is a major component of India's renewable energy strategy.
This places solar power among the leading sources of renewable energy in the country, reflecting its rapid expansion and the government's commitment to increasing solar capacity.
Hydropower and other renewable sources also contribute significantly, but solar energy's rapid growth is a key part of India's move towards a more sustainable energy future.
129. When iron rusts, its weight __________
When iron rusts, it reacts with oxygen and moisture to form iron oxide (rust), which includes additional mass from the oxygen. As a result, the overall weight of the iron increases due to the formation of this compound.
130. To an astronaut in space, the sky appears to be:
To an astronaut in space, the sky appears dark because there is no atmosphere to scatter sunlight. Unlike on Earth, where the atmosphere scatters sunlight and creates a blue sky, space lacks this scattering effect, so the sky appears black or dark.
131. Light year is a unit of measurement of
A light year is a unit of measurement used to express astronomical distances. It is defined as the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one year, approximately 9.46 trillion kilometers (5.88 trillion miles).
132. 1 Gigabyte (GB) is equal to:
1 Gigabyte (GB) is equal to 1024 Megabytes (MB). In digital storage, units increase by a factor of 1024 (2^10), so 1 GB = 1024 MB.
133. Which pigment gives pale yellow color to urine?
Urochrome is the pigment responsible for giving urine its pale yellow color. It is a byproduct of the breakdown of hemoglobin from red blood cells.
134. Who discovered electromagnetic nature of light?
James Clerk Maxwell discovered the electromagnetic nature of light. His work in the mid-19th century demonstrated that light is an electromagnetic wave, combining electric and magnetic fields that oscillate perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation.
135. Curie point is the temperature at which:
The Curie point, or Curie temperature, is the temperature at which a ferromagnetic material loses its permanent magnetic properties and becomes paramagnetic.
Above this temperature, the thermal energy overcomes the magnetic ordering, causing the material to lose its spontaneous magnetization.
136. In which of the following processes energy is released ?
During respiration, energy is released through the breakdown of glucose and other nutrients. This process involves converting chemical energy stored in food into usable energy (ATP) for the cell.
In contrast, photosynthesis, ingestion, and absorption involve energy intake or conversion but do not directly release energy in the same way.
137. If the pH of a liquid is 5·0, then the liquid is
<p>If the pH of a liquid is <strong>5.0</strong>, then the liquid is: <strong>acidic in nature.</strong></p>
<p>A pH less than 7 indicates an acidic solution, while a pH of 7 is considered neutral, and a pH greater than 7 indicates an alkaline (basic) solution.</p>
138. Sudden burst into the open of hot water and vapour from deep underground is termed as
<p>A <strong>volcano</strong> is an opening in the Earth’s crust where molten rock, ash, and gases escape. Eruptions can be explosive or effusive, forming mountains or islands over time. Notable examples include Mount St. Helens and Mount Vesuvius. Unlike geysers, volcanoes release magma rather than hot water and steam.</p>
139. The bile plays an important role in the digestion of ____ ?
<p>The bile plays an important role in the digestion of <strong>Fats</strong>.</p>
<p>It helps emulsify fats, making them easier to digest and absorb. While it aids in the digestion of food overall, its primary function is related to fats.</p>
140. Bile juice is stored in a sac called?
<p>Bile juice is stored in the <strong>gall bladder</strong>, a small pouch located beneath the liver.</p>
<p>This digestive fluid, produced by the liver, plays a crucial role in breaking down fats in the small intestine. When we eat, the gall bladder releases bile to help emulsify and absorb dietary fats effectively.</p>
141. Solutions which do not change the color of either red or blue litmus are known as ___?
<p><strong>Solutions</strong> that do not change the color of either red or blue litmus are termed neutral solutions.</p>
<p>These solutions have a pH of 7, indicating that they are neither acidic nor alkaline. Common examples include pure water and certain saline solutions, which do not affect litmus indicators.</p>
142. Spinach is a source of ___?
<p><strong>Spinach</strong> contains <strong>oxalic acid</strong>, a naturally occurring compound that can affect calcium absorption. While oxalic acid contributes to spinach's distinct taste, it can also form insoluble compounds with minerals.</p>
<p>Moderation in consumption is advised, especially for individuals prone to kidney stones, as high levels may exacerbate the condition.</p>
143. Magnesium hydroxide is found in ____?
<p><strong>Magnesium hydroxide</strong> is commonly found in <strong>magnesium milk</strong>, also known as milk of magnesia. This compound is often used as an antacid to relieve indigestion and heartburn.</p>
<p>Additionally, it acts as a laxative to alleviate constipation. Its soothing properties make it a popular choice for digestive health.</p>
144. Calcium hydroxide is found in ___?
<p><strong>Calcium hydroxide</strong>, also known as slaked lime, is primarily found in <strong>lime wate</strong>r.</p>
<p>It is a chemical compound with the formula Ca(OH)₂. When dissolved in water, it forms a clear, colorless solution called lime water, often used in chemical reactions, construction, and as a pH modifier in various industrial processes.</p>
145. Vitamin C is found in ___?
<p><strong>Vitamin C</strong>, also known as ascorbic acid, is abundant in both amla (Indian gooseberry) and citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, and grapefruits.</p>
<p>It is a vital nutrient that supports the immune system, promotes skin health, and functions as a powerful antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.</p>
146. China rose is ___?
<p><strong>China rose</strong>, also known as hibiscus, acts as a natural pH <strong>indicator</strong>. It changes color in acidic and basic solutions: turning dark pink or red in acidic conditions and green in basic conditions.</p>
147. Indicators are used to test?
<p><strong>Indicators</strong> are used to test whether a substance is acidic or basic by showing a color change when added to the substance.</p>
148. Banking soda is an example of ___?
<p><strong>Baking soda</strong>, also known as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), is a mild <strong>base</strong>. It reacts with acids to produce carbon dioxide gas, which is commonly used in baking to help dough rise.</p>
149. Which of the following is an acid?
<p>Curd, lemon juice, and vinegar are all acidic. Curd contains lactic acid, lemon juice contains citric acid, and vinegar contains acetic acid.</p>
150. Lemon juice is an example of ____?
<p>Lemon juice is an example of an <strong>acid</strong>, specifically containing citric acid, which gives it its sour taste.</p>