1. The pitcher plant is characterized by which of the following plants ?
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<p>The pitcher plant is an insectivorous plant, meaning it derives some or most of its nutrients from trapping and consuming insects.</p>
<p>It has modified leaves known as pitfall traps—a deep cavity filled with digestive liquid.</p>
<p>This adaptation helps the plant survive in nutrient-poor soils by obtaining essential nutrients from prey.</p>
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2. Which among the following have been found to produce a protein called Defensin-1, which has been found potential to develop drugs for antibiotic resistant bacteria?
Honey bees have been found to produce a protein called Defensin-1, which has potential for developing drugs to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Defensin-1 is part of the honey bee's immune response and exhibits strong antimicrobial properties.
3. Lepidopterology is a branch of biology, which deals with the studies of which of the following?
Lepidopterology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of butterflies and moths. It involves the classification, life cycle, behavior, ecology, and conservation of these insects
4. The study of Plants Tissues is called__?
Histology, the study of plant tissues, involves analyzing their microscopic structure and function.
It includes examining various tissue types, such as vascular, epidermal, and ground tissues, to understand plant growth, development, and physiological processes.
Histologists use techniques like staining and microscopy to observe cells and tissues, aiding in research and agricultural advancements.
5. Which of the following belongs to the Order Pinnipedia?
Sea lions belong to the Order Pinnipedia, which also includes seals and walruses. This order is characterized by their fin-like limbs and adaptations for aquatic life.
6. Which of the following forms the boundary between the middle and inner ear?
The oval window forms the boundary between the middle ear and the inner ear. It is a membrane-covered opening that the stapes bone (one of the middle ear ossicles) connects to, transmitting vibrations from the middle ear into the fluid-filled inner ear.
7. Which nerves send messages from all the senses to the brain?
Sensory nerves are responsible for sending messages from all the senses to the brain.
These nerves carry information about touch, temperature, pain, and other sensory stimuli from various parts of the body to the central nervous system.
8. What is the excretory unit in the human excretory system?
The nephron is the functional and structural unit of the human excretory system.
Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons, which filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, forming urine.
9. Which hormones are produced by the ovaries?
The ovaries produce both estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is involved in the development of female secondary sexual characteristics and the regulation of the menstrual cycle, while progesterone helps prepare the uterine lining for pregnancy and regulates the menstrual cycle.
10. Commonest mammal is ____:
Humans are the most common mammal in terms of population. As of 2024, the human population exceeds 8 billion people, making us the most numerous mammal species on Earth.
11. What is the full form of DNA?
DNA is a crucial macromolecule, alongside RNA, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, for life as we know it. It encodes the genetic blueprint for living organisms and is involved in many vital biological processes. DNA's structure, a double helix, allows it to store and transfer genetic information efficiently.
12. What is the main function of white blood cells (WBCs)?
White blood cells are a crucial part of the immune system, defending the body against pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and other harmful organisms.
13. Plant tissues are of how many types?
Plant tissues can indeed be categorized into three main types:
Dermal Tissue: This outer layer protects the plant and helps reduce water loss.
Vascular Tissue: Includes xylem and phloem, which are involved in the transport of water, nutrients, and food throughout the plant.
Ground Tissue: Found between the dermal and vascular tissues, it is involved in photosynthesis, storage, and support.
These three types of tissues work together to maintain the plant's structure, function, and overall health.
14. Which of the following vectors is responsible for transmitting the parasite causing filariasis?
Culex mosquitoes are known to transmit the filarial worms that cause lymphatic filariasis (commonly known as elephantiasis).
15. The cells which are colsely associated and interacting with guard cells are ____:
Subsidiary cells, also known as accessory cells, surround the guard cells in plant stomata and help in the regulation of gas exchange by assisting in the opening and closing of the stomatal pores.
16. Which of the following is a type of inheritance?
The main types of inheritance are:
Complete Dominance: In this pattern, one allele completely masks the effect of another allele at the same locus. For example, in pea plants, the allele for tallness (T) completely masks the allele for shortness (t).
Incomplete Dominance: In this pattern, the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes. For instance, in snapdragon flowers, crossing a red-flowered plant with a white-flowered plant results in pink-flowered offspring.
Co-dominance: Both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed. An example is the AB blood type in humans, where both A and B antigens are present on the red blood cells.
Sex-linked Inheritance: Traits are associated with genes located on the sex chromosomes (X or Y). For example, hemophilia and color blindness are X-linked disorders.
17. Which of the following transports water from the roots of the plant to its leaves?
Xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and other parts of the plant. Phloem, on the other hand, transports the products of photosynthesis (mainly sugars) from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
18. Which of the following is called the end part of the oviduct?
The isthmus is indeed the last part of the oviduct that connects to the uterus. It is characterized by a narrow lumen and is positioned closer to the uterine cavity.
The ostium, on the other hand, is the funnel-shaped opening at the end of the oviduct near the ovary.
19. The auditory nerve carries:
The auditory nerve carries sound information. It transmits electrical signals generated by the auditory system (inner ear) to the brain, allowing us to perceive and interpret sounds
20. What is the function of motor nerves?
Motor nerves carry commands from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands, enabling actions and responses.
They play a crucial role in movement and bodily functions by stimulating muscle contractions and glandular activity.
21. Ascaris and Wuchereria are examples of which of the following phylum?
Ascaris and Wuchereria are examples of the phylum Nematoda. This phylum includes roundworms, which are characterized by their cylindrical, unsegmented bodies and are commonly found in various environments.
22. Which gland acts as thermostat of human body?
The gland that acts as the thermostat of the human body is the Hypothalamus.
It regulates body temperature by receiving signals from the body and initiating appropriate responses to maintain a stable internal temperature.
23. Who is the father of Botany?
The father of Botany is Theophrastus. He was an ancient Greek philosopher and botanist who is often considered the "Father of Botany" due to his extensive work on plant classification and plant biology.
24. Which among the following is a millet?
Millets are indeed small-seeded grasses cultivated for their grains, which are used for both human consumption and animal feed. They are hardy crops that thrive in arid and semi-arid regions. Key types of millets include:
Pearl Millet: Known for its drought resistance and high nutritional value.
Finger Millet (Ragi): Rich in calcium and often used in Indian cuisine.
Foxtail Millet: Commonly used in Asia for its nutritional benefits.
Proso Millet: Grown for its versatility and rapid growth.
Millets are valued for their adaptability, nutritional benefits, and low water requirements compared to other grains like wheat and rice.
25. Which among the following is not a sex linked character?
Sex-linked traits are those that are associated with genes located on the sex chromosomes (X or Y chromosomes).
Color blindness and baldness are examples of sex-linked traits, particularly associated with the X chromosome. Color blindness is more common in males because they have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele can manifest the trait. Baldness can also be influenced by genes on the X chromosome, although it is a more complex trait with both genetic and environmental factors.
Asthma is not linked to the sex chromosomes; it is a complex trait influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors, not sex-linked genes.
26. Which among the following is not correctly matched?
Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming.
Barometer was invented by Evangelista Torricelli.
X-Ray was discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen.
Parachute was not invented by W. H. Carothers. The parachute was developed by several inventors over time, but key early figures include Leonardo da Vinci and Sébastien Lenormand. W. H. Carothers is known for his work in synthetic polymers, not parachutes.
27. A plant that grows in waters of high salinity is called_¬?
Halophytes are adapted to thrive in saline environments, such as coastal areas or salt marshes. They have specialized mechanisms to cope with high salt concentrations in their habitat.
28. Which among the following is not a viral disease?
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while Ebola, HIV, and H1N1 are viral diseases.
29. Trichology is related to which of the following statement?
Trichology is the scientific study of hair, including its health, growth, and disorders. It involves diagnosing and treating various hair and scalp conditions, such as hair loss and dandruff.
30. Which of the following virus is covered?
The viruses listed, Herpes is covered by a vaccine.
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), responsible for cold sores and genital herpes, has vaccines in development, but they are not widely available.
Adenovirus and Poliovirus also have vaccines. Adenovirus vaccines are used in specific situations like military settings, while polio is covered by widely used vaccines.
31. The mammals evolved from the reptile in the:
Mammals evolved from reptiles during the Triassic period.
The Triassic, which spanned from about 252 to 201 million years ago, saw the emergence of the first true mammals from earlier reptilian ancestors.
32. How many types of joints are present in our body?
There are 3 main types of joints in the human body:
Fibrous Joints – Where bones are connected by dense connective tissue, allowing little to no movement (e.g., sutures in the skull).
Cartilaginous Joints – Where bones are connected by cartilage, allowing limited movement (e.g., intervertebral discs).
Synovial Joints – Where bones are separated by a fluid-filled joint cavity, allowing a wide range of motion (e.g., knee, elbow).
33. What kind of muscle is the myocardium made of?
The myocardium, or heart muscle, consists of cardiac muscle cells.
These cells are unique in their ability to contract rhythmically and continuously without tiring.
They are striated like skeletal muscles but are involuntary like smooth muscles.
This specialized structure enables the heart to pump blood efficiently throughout the body, maintaining circulation and overall cardiovascular health.
34. Which is the smallest Endocrine gland?
The pituitary gland is indeed one of the smallest glands in the human body, but it plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes.
It's often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls other endocrine glands and regulates many important functions by secreting a range of hormones.
35. What is the main purpose of the thyroid gland?
The thyroid gland releases hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) that regulate metabolism, energy levels, and overall growth and development.
It also helps in maintaining body temperature and plays a role in cardiovascular and digestive functions.
36. The largest invertebrate is a/an ____:
The largest invertebrate is the mollusc, specifically the giant squid (Architeuthis Dux).
This species can reach lengths of 12-15 meters (39-49 feet), with some reports suggesting even larger sizes.
Molluscs, with over 80,000 species, form the second-largest animal phylum on Earth.
They include a wide range of creatures such as snails, clams, octopuses, and squids.
Molluscs are characterized by their soft bodies, often protected by a hard shell, and their diverse habitats, from oceans to freshwater and land.
The giant squid, found in deep ocean waters, exemplifies the extreme size potential of molluscs.
37. Smooth muscles are likely to be found in ____:
Smooth muscle is an involuntary muscle found in the walls of various hollow organs and structures. It plays a crucial role in regulating internal processes by contracting and relaxing. Key locations include:
Stomach and intestines: Facilitates digestion by moving food through the digestive tract.
Blood vessels: Regulates blood flow and pressure.
Urinary bladder: Controls urination by contracting to expel urine.
Uterus: Assists in childbirth through rhythmic contractions.
Reproductive tracts: Aids in the movement of gametes and other reproductive processes.
Respiratory tract: Helps regulate airflow by controlling the diameter of airways.
38. Cinnamon is obtained from which part of the plant?
That's a great explanation! Cinnamon is indeed obtained from the inner bark of trees in the genus Cinnamomum.
Its unique aroma and flavor come from cinnamaldehyde, the primary component of its essential oil, along with other compounds like eugenol.
It’s widely used in cooking and baking for its warm, spicy taste.
39. Which of the following is a good source of Vitamin E?
Vitamin E is primarily found in vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and green leafy vegetables. Fresh vegetables like spinach and broccoli are good sources of Vitamin E.
While yellow yolk also contains Vitamin E, it is not as significant a source as vegetables and vegetable oils.
40. What is the function of structural proteins?
Structural proteins are essential for maintaining the shape and integrity of cells and tissues.
They provide support and stability by ensuring the proper alignment of filaments within cells.
For example, in muscle cells, structural proteins like titin and nebulin help align and stabilize the contractile proteins actin and myosin.
41. How many of the following senses are there?
The traditionally recognized five senses are sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. Some systems and theories expand this list to include additional senses, such as balance (vestibular sense) and proprioception (sense of body position), but the classic number is five.
42. What is the function of the preen gland in birds?
The preen gland in birds, located near the base of the tail, secretes a mixture of waxes and lipids. Birds use this secretion to coat their feathers, which helps in waterproofing and maintaining feather health.
43. Phylum Porifera is classified based on__.
Phylum Porifera, which includes sponges, is classified based on the type and structure of spicules, which are the small, often mineralized structures that provide support and protection to the sponge.
Spicules can be made of calcium carbonate, silica, or spongin, and their arrangement helps in classifying different sponge species.
44. Which of the following plants die after flowering?
Monocarpic plants are those that flower, produce seeds, and then die. This life cycle is characteristic of certain annuals and biennials that flower only once in their lifetime. After flowering and seed production, these plants complete their life cycle and perish.
45. How do small molecules pass through the outer membrane of mitochondria?
C: Porins
Small molecules pass through the outer membrane of mitochondria via porins. Porins are large protein channels that allow the diffusion of molecules up to a certain size, including ions and small metabolites, into and out of the mitochondria.
46. In what form do fungi store food?
Fungi primarily store food in the form of glycogen and sometimes as oils. Unlike plants that store energy as starch, fungi use glycogen, which is similar to the way animals store energy.
47. In cell culture, the measles virus can lead to which of the following?
In cell culture, the measles virus is known to cause syncytium formation, where infected cells fuse to form large, multinucleated cells. This is a characteristic effect of some viruses that can lead to visible changes in cell morphology.
48. Which among the following is essential for both activation and action of thrombin ?
Calcium ions (Ca²⁺) are essential for both the activation and action of thrombin in the blood clotting process. They play a crucial role in several steps of the coagulation cascade, including the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
49. Which among the following enzyme plays an important role in adding the building blocks to the primer in a sequence determined by the DNA template?
DNA polymerase is the enzyme that adds nucleotide building blocks to the growing DNA strand in a sequence determined by the DNA template. It extends the primer created by primase, facilitating DNA replication.
50. With which of the following diseases Project Kavach is related to?
Project Kavach is associated with AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome).
It is a health initiative aimed at increasing awareness, prevention, and treatment of HIV/AIDS.
The project focuses on providing support and education to reduce the incidence of HIV infections, promote safe practices, and improve the quality of life for those affected by the virus.