1. Who studied for the first about phenomenon and properties of electricity ?

<p><strong>William Gilbert</strong>, an English physician, was the first to study electricity's phenomena and properties in detail. His work laid the foundation for future research in electricity and magnetism.</p>

2. Unit of charge ?

<p>The unit of electric charge is the <strong>coulomb</strong>, named after Charles-Augustin de Coulomb. One coulomb represents the amount of charge transferred by a current of one ampere in one second.</p>

3. In general electricity is classified into ?

<p>In general, electricity is classified into&nbsp;<strong>Both</strong> <strong>static electricity</strong> and <strong>current electricity</strong> (which includes both AC and DC).</p> <p>Static electricity refers to the buildup of electric charge on the surface of objects, while current electricity involves the flow of electric charge through a conductor.</p>

4. One Ampere ?

<p><strong>One Ampere</strong> is the unit of electric current, defined as one coulomb of electric charge passing through a conductor in one second, symbolizing the flow of electric charge.</p>

5. Materials which doesn’t allows flow of charge is called as ?

<p>Materials that do not allow the flow of charge are called <strong>Electrical Insulators</strong>. They resist the movement of electric charge, preventing the flow of electricity.</p>

6. Best Electrical conductors are ?

<p>The best electrical conductors are&nbsp;<strong>Mercury</strong> and&nbsp;<strong>Ordinary water</strong>. However, it's important to note that while ordinary water contains ions that can conduct electricity, pure water is a poor conductor.</p>

7. Unit of electric potential ?

<p>The unit of electric potential is called a <strong>volt</strong>, which measures the potential difference between two points in an electric field. It indicates how much work is needed to move charge.</p>

8. If temperature of the metals increases, Resistance ?

<div class="flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col relative items-end"> <div> <div class="pt-0"> <div class="gizmo-bot-avatar flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center overflow-hidden rounded-full">&nbsp;</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn"> <div class="flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3"> <div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="6b7af299-fa73-4f87-910e-e7f669ac3a8d" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>If the temperature of metals increases, the resistance&nbsp;<strong>increases</strong>.</p> <p>This is because, at higher temperatures, the atoms in the metal vibrate more, leading to more collisions between electrons and atoms, which hinders the flow of electricity.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

9. Magnitude of electrical resistance remains same either on increasing or decreasing of

<p>The magnitude of electrical resistance remains constant with changes in<strong> voltage</strong>, as long as the temperature stays the same.</p> <p>However, resistance generally increases with an increase in temperature.</p>

10. Low Voltage means ?

<p>In electrical circuits, when the voltage is low, it typically results in higher resistance and consequently lower current flow, according to Ohm's Law (V = IR).</p>

11. Energy used to drive charge from one point to another in electrical conductor is called as ?

<p><strong>Electromotive force (EMF)</strong> refers to the energy used to drive electric charge through a circuit, measured in volts.</p> <p>It indicates the energy per unit charge supplied by a source like a battery.</p>

12. Units of Conduction ?

<p>The <strong>siemen (S) </strong>is the unit of electrical conductance, which is the reciprocal of resistance measured in ohms.</p>

13. Resistance of conductor whose length having 1 unit and area of cross section also 1 unit is called as ?

<p><strong>Specific resistance</strong>, also known as resistivity, is the resistance of a conductor with a length of 1 unit and an area of cross-section of 1 unit.</p>

14. High Voltage means ?

<p>High voltage refers to a significant potential difference in an electrical circuit, resulting in low resistance and enabling a large current to flow, which is essential for efficient energy transmission.</p>

15. Salt water is called as ?

<p>Brine is a term used specifically for saltwater that contains a high concentration of salt.</p>

16. Pure water has ___________ ?

<p>Pure water is a poor conductor of electricity and has higher resistance compared to saltwater or other conductive solutions.</p>

17. Absolute temperature ?

<p>Absolute temperature, also known as absolute zero, is defined as 0 Kelvin (0 K), which is equivalent to -273.15&deg;C.</p>

18. At Absolute temperature, semiconductors behaves like

<p>At absolute temperature (-273&deg;C or 0 K), semiconductors behave like perfect insulators because there are no available charge carriers to conduct electricity.</p>

19. In semiconductor, On decrease of temperature, Resistance ?

<p>In semiconductors, as the temperature decreases, the resistance increases because there are fewer charge carriers available to conduct electricity.</p>

20. In semiconductor, On increase of temperature, Resistance ?

<p>In semiconductors, as the temperature increases, the resistance decreases.</p> <p>This occurs because higher temperatures provide more energy to the charge carriers, allowing them to move more freely and conduct electricity more effectively.</p>

21. If temperature of metal and electric resistance decreases, then strength of current ?

<p>When the temperature of a metal decreases, its electrical resistance also decreases, allowing more current to flow through the conductor, thus increasing the strength of the current.</p>

22. If temperature of metal and electric resistance increases, then strength of current ?

<p>When the temperature of a metal increases, its electrical resistance typically increases as well. This higher resistance reduces the flow of current, leading to a decrease in the strength of the current.</p>

23. If temperature of the metals decreases, Resistance ?

<p>When the temperature of metals decreases, their electrical resistance typically decreases as well. This lower resistance allows for a greater flow of current.</p>

24. Negative charge flow from ?

<p>In an electric field, negative charges (electrons) flow from areas of lower electric potential to areas of higher electric potential, which is the opposite direction of positive charge flow.</p>

25. Positive charge flow from ?

<p>Positive charge flows from high potential to low potential, following the direction of electric field lines. This movement occurs due to the electric forces acting on the charged particles.</p>

26. Silicon is available is in form of

<p>Silicon is available in the form of: <strong>SiO2</strong> (Silicon Dioxide)</p>

27. Silicon, Germanium and Selenium are

<div class="flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col relative items-end"> <div> <div class="pt-0"> <div class="gizmo-bot-avatar flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center overflow-hidden rounded-full">&nbsp;</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn"> <div class="flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3"> <div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="7dd68056-062a-439d-bf2a-94ba317f5cf5" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>Silicon, Germanium, and Selenium are classified as <strong>semiconductors</strong>.</p> <p>They have electrical conductivity between conductors and insulators, making them essential for various electronic devices, including diodes and transistors.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

28. Electrical Insulators are ?

<p>All these materials&mdash;diamond, plastic, and pure water&mdash;are considered electrical insulators as they do not allow electric current to flow through them easily.</p>

29. What are MCB which are used in electric circuits ?

<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="6c682b35-213d-401b-a336-e3844844ae14" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>MCBs are devices used in electric circuits to automatically switch off the circuit in case of overload or short circuit, providing protection to electrical circuits and appliances.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

30. The minimum amount charge transferred from one body to another is equal to ?

<p class="MsoNormal">The minimum amount of electric charge that can be transferred from one body to another is equal to the charge of a single electron, which is approximately <span class="katex-mathml">&minus;1.6&times;10 ^-19 coulombs.</span></p>

31. Electric bulb was invented by ?

<p>Thomas Edison is credited with inventing the practical electric light bulb in 1879, which led to the widespread use of electric lighting.</p>

32. Can electric current used to make magnets ?

<p>Electric current can be used to create magnets. This phenomenon is known as electromagnetism, where an electric current flowing through a wire generates a magnetic field around it.</p> <p>When the wire is coiled and current flows through, it enhances the magnetic effect, allowing the wire to function as an electromagnet.</p>

33. Charge(q) is expressed as ? Note: e= No of electrons ; e= Magnitude of charge

<p><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">In this expression, <span class="katex-mathml">q</span> represents the total charge, <span class="katex-mathml">n</span> is the number of electrons, and <span class="katex-mathml">e</span> is the magnitude of charge of a single electron (approximately <span class="katex-mathml">1.6&times;10^&minus;19coulombs)</span></span></p>

34. Charge attain stability on the surface of ?

<p>In a hollow body, electric charges distribute themselves uniformly on the outer surface, achieving stability. Inside the hollow body, the electric field is zero, ensuring that the charge remains stable.</p>

35. Who invented Lightening conductor ?

<p><strong>Benjamin Franklin </strong>He is credited with inventing the lightning conductor in the 18th century as a means to protect buildings from lightning strikes.</p>

36. If the direction of flow of current is unique, then it is called

<p>Direct Current (DC) refers to the flow of electric charge in a single direction, whereas Alternating Current (AC) periodically reverses direction.</p>

37. Electric conductors are ?

<p>Electric conductors, such as <strong>silver, copper, and aluminum</strong>, allow electric current to flow easily due to their atomic structure, which facilitates the movement of free electrons within the material.</p>

38. Materials which allows flow of charge is called as ?

<p>Materials that allow the flow of electric charge are called <strong>electrical conductors</strong>.</p> <p>Examples include metals like copper, aluminum, and silver, which are commonly used in electrical wiring and components.</p>

39. If the direction of flow of current varies from positive to negative and negative to positive alternatively is called

<p>If the direction of flow of current varies from positive to negative and negative to positive alternatively, it is called <strong>AC Current</strong> (Alternating Current).</p>

40. Current is expressed as ? Note: q = Charge; t = time

<p>Electric current is the rate at which electric charge flows through a conductor. It is measured in amperes (A) and is calculated using the formula:<strong> <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml">I=q/t</span></span></strong></p>

41. Rate of flow of charge is called as ?

<p>Electricity is the rate at which electric charge flows through a conductor, carrying energy from one point to another in the form of current, measured in amperes (A).</p>

42. In Xerox, which of the following electricity is used ?

<p>In xerography (the technology used in photocopying), static electricity plays a key role in attracting toner particles to the areas of the drum that correspond to the image being copied.</p>

43. Size of a soap bubble increases when we apply ?

<p>The size of a soap bubble increases when same charges are applied, as the like charges repel each other, causing the bubble's surface to expand.</p>

44. Which of the following scientist classified charge into 2 types, i e., Positive and negative charge ?

<p><strong>Benjamin Franklin</strong> was the scientist who classified electric charge into two types, positive and negative, based on his experiments with electricity.</p>

45. Magnitude of charge of electron =

<p class="MsoNormal">The charge of an electron, a fundamental constant, is measured as <span class="katex-mathml"><strong>1.602&times;10^&minus;19</strong> </span>coulombs. This value plays a key role in physics, especially in understanding electric charge behavior and atomic structure.</p>

46. Real Images is

<p>Real images are typically inverted, meaning they appear upside-down compared to the original object. They form when light rays actually converge at a point after passing through lenses or reflecting from mirrors.</p>

47. Magnifying glasses are ? a) Concave Lens b) Convex Lens c) Plane Mirror d) All the above

<p>Magnifying glasses use convex lenses, which converge light rays to produce a larger, upright image of an object, making it easier to see fine details.</p>

48. Images can be obtained on a screen is called ?

<p><strong>Real images</strong> are formed when light rays converge and can be projected onto a screen, appearing inverted and capable of being captured on a surface.</p>

49. Images formed from Concave mirror ?

<p><strong>Concave mirrors</strong> can form both inverted and real images when the object is placed beyond the focal point. If the object is placed closer than the focal point, a virtual image is produced.</p>

50. Moving coil Galvanometer(MCV) is used to measure ?

<p class="MsoNormal">The Moving Coil Galvanometer (MCV) is an instrument that can measure current as low as <span class="katex-mathml">10^&minus;9</span> Amps (nanoamps) and can also determine the direction of current flow through a conductor.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This makes it highly sensitive and useful for applications requiring precise current measurements.</p>

51. To detect nature of charge( Positive charge or negative charge) which of the following device is used ?

<p>A <strong>gold lea</strong>f electroscope is a specific type of electroscope that uses gold leaves to indicate the presence and nature of electric charge.</p> <p>When a charged object is brought near, the leaves will either repel (if they have the same charge) or collapse (if they have opposite charges), allowing one to infer the type of charge.</p>

52. Transformer works on the principle of ?

<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="f999323e-bea3-4212-aeeb-fa5aedc848c1" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>Transformers operate on the principle of mutual induction, which involves the transfer of electrical energy between two coils through a magnetic field.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

53. In Volta cells, Anode(+), Cathode(-) and Electrolyte used are ?

<p>In a Voltaic cell (also known as a galvanic cell), zinc is typically used as the anode, copper as the cathode, and dilute sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) serves as the electrolyte.</p>

54. In Dry cells, Anode(+), Cathode(-) and Electrolyte used are ?

<p>In dry cells, zinc acts as the anode (-), carbon (typically in the form of a rod) acts as the cathode (+), and the electrolyte is a paste of ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) along with some other materials.</p>

55. King of chemicals ?

<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="bae5e025-6597-40be-8a90-4dfaab25a8cc" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>Sulphuric acid is often referred to as the "king of chemicals" due to its wide range of applications in various industries and its importance in chemical synthesis.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

56. Melting point of Tungsten metal is ?

<p>Tungsten has a very high melting point of approximately 3422&deg;C (6192&deg;F), making it one of the highest among all metals. However, since the options do not provide this exact value, <strong>2400 degree Celsius</strong> is the closest choice provided.</p>

57. To emit Yellow colour light which of the following vapor is filled ?

<p>Sodium vapor is used in sodium vapor lamps, which emit a characteristic bright yellow light.</p>

58. To emit white colour light which of the following vapor is filled ?

<p>Mercury vapor lamps emit a bright white light and are commonly used for street lighting and in industrial applications.</p>

59. Which of following is correct for CFL Bulb?

<p>CFL stands for Compact Fluorescent Light, which is a type of energy-saving light bulb.</p>

60. Which of following gas is filled in bulb ?

<p><strong>Argon gas</strong> is commonly filled in incandescent light bulbs to prevent the tungsten filament from oxidizing and to prolong the bulb's life.</p>

61. Filament in bulb is made of ?

<p>The filament in a bulb is made of&nbsp;<strong>Tungsten</strong>. Tungsten has a high melting point, making it ideal for withstanding the heat generated when an electric current passes through it.</p>

62. Storage cell are invented by ?

<p>Storage cells were invented by&nbsp;<strong>Thomas Alva Edison</strong>. He developed the first rechargeable alkaline storage battery, known as the Edison battery, in the late 19th century.</p>

63. In Bichromate cells, Anode(+), Cathode(-) and Electrolyte used are ?

<p>In a Bichromate cell, the anode is zinc, the cathode is carbon, and the electrolyte used is dilute sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) mixed with potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) to prevent polarization.</p>

64. In Daniel cells, Anode(+), Cathode(-) and Electrolyte used are ?

<p>In a Daniell cell, zinc acts as the anode, copper as the cathode, and the electrolytes are zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) for the anode compartment and copper sulfate (CuSO₄) for the cathode compartment.</p> <p>This setup helps prevent polarization and maintains a steady voltage.</p>

65. In Chargeable cells ?

<p>In rechargeable (or secondary) cells, electrical energy is first converted into chemical energy during charging, and this stored chemical energy is later converted back into electrical energy when the cell is discharged.</p>

66. First transformer was constructed by ? e

<p><strong>Michael Faraday</strong> is credited with discovering the principle of electromagnetic induction in 1831, which is the foundational concept for transformers.</p> <p>However, the first practical transformer was developed later in the 1880s by engineers like William Stanley, Lucien Gaulard, and John Dixon Gibbs.</p>

67. Temperature of Superconductivity of Mercury ?

<p>The superconducting transition temperature of mercury is approximately -269&deg;C, or 4.2 Kelvin. This is the temperature at which mercury loses all electrical resistance and exhibits superconductivity.</p>

68. White lights is composed of ?

<p>White light is composed of seven colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, commonly remembered by the acronym "ROYGBIV."</p>

69. In Superconductivity, metals resistance becomes ?

<p>In superconductivity, a metal's electrical resistance drops to zero, allowing electric current to flow without any energy loss.</p>

70. Virtual Image is

<p>A virtual image is both <strong>erect</strong> (not flipped vertically) and <strong>upright</strong> (appears in the same orientation as the object).</p>

71. Lens used for Real image are

<p>A <strong>converging lens</strong>, or convex lens, can produce a real image when the object is placed at a distance greater than the focal length.</p>

72. Which of following mirrors are used in scooter/cars as side mirrors ?

<p><strong>Convex mirrors</strong> are used as side mirrors in scooters and cars because they provide a wider field of view, allowing drivers to see more area behind them.</p>

73. Image formed by Concave lens are ?

<p>Images formed by a concave lens are virtual, erect, and smaller in size compared to the object.</p>

74. Images cannot be obtained on a screen is called ?

<p>A <strong>virtual image</strong> cannot be obtained on a screen because it appears to be located behind the lens or mirror and cannot be projected onto a surface.</p>

75. Image formed from plane mirror is ?

<p>The image formed by a plane mirror is <strong>virtual, erect, and the same size</strong> as the object.</p>

76. Potentio meter is used to measure ?

<p>A potentiometer is used to measure the magnitude of electromotive force (emf) and can also be used to determine the internal resistance of a cell.</p>

77. Cell is invented by ?

<p>The term "voltaic cell" is named after Alessandro Volta, who invented the first true chemical cell. The term <strong>"battery"</strong> originally referred to a group of voltaic cells connected together to produce a higher voltage, as described by Benjamin Franklin. Today, "battery" typically refers to a collection of one or more electrochemical cells that store and provide electrical energy.</p>

78. Chargeable cell are invented by ?

<p><strong>Gaston Plant&eacute;,</strong> a French physicist, invented the first rechargeable lead-acid battery in 1859. This type of battery is significant as it was the first practical rechargeable battery and laid the foundation for modern battery technology.</p>

79. Laws of Electrolysis proposed by ?

<p><strong>Michael Faraday</strong> proposed the laws of electrolysis, which describe the relationship between the amount of electric charge passed through an electrolyte and the amount of substance that is deposited or dissolved at the electrodes.</p>

80. Transformers are used for transmitting power from ?

<p><strong>Transformers</strong> can be used to step up voltage (increase voltage from low to high) or step down voltage (decrease voltage from high to low) for the transmission of electrical power.</p> <p>This ability is crucial for efficient power distribution over long distances.</p>

81. Capacity of capacitor is measured in ?

<p>The capacity of a capacitor is measured in <strong>farads (F</strong>). One farad is defined as the capacitance of a capacitor that will store one coulomb of charge at a potential difference of one volt.</p>

82. Concave lens are ?

<p>Concave lenses are <strong>diverging lenses</strong>. They cause parallel rays of light to spread out (diverge) after passing through the lens, resulting in virtual images.</p>

83. Convex lens are ?

<p>Convex lenses are converging lenses because they converge parallel rays of light to a focal point after passing through the lens, resulting in real images when the object is placed outside the focal length.</p>

84. Lens used for Virtual image are

<p>Diverging lenses (concave lenses) are used to form virtual images. They always produce virtual, erect, and smaller images regardless of the object's position. Converging lenses (convex lenses) can also produce virtual images, but only when the object is placed within the focal length. So, while diverging lenses are primarily associated with virtual images, converging lenses can also produce them under specific conditions.</p> <p>If consider both types, <strong>Both</strong> could also be an acceptable answer.</p>

85. Mirrors used for Real images ?

<p><strong>Concave mirrors</strong> are primarily used to form real images when the object is placed outside the focal point. In contrast, convex mirrors always produce virtual images, and plane mirrors produce virtual images as well.</p> <p>Therefore, only concave mirrors are specifically associated with the formation of real images.</p>

86. Mirrors used for Virtual images ?

<p>All three types of mirrors&mdash;concave mirrors, convex mirrors, and plane mirrors&mdash;can produce virtual images under certain conditions:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Concave Mirror</strong>: Produces a virtual image when the object is placed between the focal point and the mirror.</li> <li><strong>Convex Mirror</strong>: Always produces virtual images regardless of the object's position.</li> <li><strong>Plane Mirror</strong>: Always produces virtual images that are the same size as the object and appear upright.</li> </ul> <p>Thus, all these mirrors can be used to form virtual images.</p>

87. Real image is formed when the light rays meet at a particular point ?

<p>A real image is formed when light rays converge at a point after reflecting off a mirror (or refracting through a lens). This convergence occurs after the light rays have interacted with the optical device.</p>

88. Virtual image is formed when the light rays meet at definite point ?

<ul> <li> <div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="43783ef7-c94f-40f4-b2c0-fee224d13e6b" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>A <strong>virtual image</strong> is formed when light rays appear to diverge from a point after reflection from the mirror but do not actually converge, making it impossible to project onto a screen. Conversely, a <strong>real image</strong> is formed when light rays actually converge at a point after reflection, allowing it to be displayed on a screen.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2 flex gap-3 empty:hidden -ml-2">&nbsp;</div> </li> </ul>

89. Examining of eyes, ears and nose, which of the following is used ?

<p><strong>Concave mirrors</strong> are commonly used in devices such as otoscopes for examining the ears and dental mirrors for examining the mouth, as they can produce magnified images of the examined area.</p> <p>While convex mirrors are used for wider fields of view and plane mirrors for regular reflections, concave mirrors are specifically beneficial for detailed examinations.</p>

90. Water Day is observed on ?

<p><strong>World Water Day </strong>is observed on <strong>March 22nd</strong> each year to raise awareness about the importance of freshwater and advocate for the sustainable management of freshwater resources.</p>

91. Law of refection ?

<p>The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence (the angle at which the incoming ray strikes a surface) is equal to the angle of reflection (the angle at which the ray reflects off the surface).</p>

92. Size of Pupils are controlled by

<p>The size of the pupils is controlled by the iris, which is the colored part of the eye. The iris contains muscles that adjust the size of the pupil to regulate the amount of light entering the eye.</p>

93. Colors of eyes, green eyes or black eyes is the colour of ?

<p>The colors of the eyes, such as green or black, are determined by the iris, which contains pigments that give the eye its color.</p>

94. Electrical Fuse is kept in ___________ circuit to protect from damage caused by high voltage ?

<p>An electrical fuse is kept in a series circuit to protect against damage caused by high current (not high voltage). When the current exceeds the fuse's rated capacity, the fuse melts, breaking the circuit and preventing damage to appliances.</p>

95. In houses, which type of connections are used ?

<p>In houses, connections are typically made in such a way that each room is connected in parallel to allow appliances and lights to operate independently.</p> <p>However, individual devices within a room can be connected in series if needed, but generally, rooms are connected in parallel to ensure consistent voltage and functionality.</p>

96. Which of the following metals are used for construction of Thermo couple ?

<p><strong>Antimony and bismuth</strong> are often used in thermocouples, which generate voltage from temperature differences via the Seebeck effect. Common types include Type J (iron and constantan) and Type K (chromel and alumel).</p> <p>Different metals create varying heat levels, ensuring current flow in the circuit when temperatures change.</p>

97. Mica sheet in iron box ?

<p>Mica sheets in iron boxes serve as excellent electrical insulators while effectively conducting heat.</p> <p>They can withstand temperatures up to 650&deg;C, making them ideal for high-temperature applications. Mica's high dielectric strength ensures safety in electrical appliances, preventing short circuits and trapping heat around heating elements in devices like irons.</p>

98. Which of the following is used to measure temperature of Small insects upto 0.0025⁰C very accurately ?

<p>A <strong>thermopile</strong> is used to measure small temperature changes, including those in small insects, with high accuracy, often up to 0.0025&deg;C.</p> <p>While thermometers can measure temperature, they may not provide the same level of sensitivity and precision for very small temperature variations as a thermopile.</p>

99. Refrigerator and Air cooler work with principle of ?

100. Applications of Joule or Thomson effects ?

<p>The Joule-Thomson effect refers to the cooling or heating of a gas when it is allowed to expand or is compressed without any heat exchange with the environment. This effect has several applications, including:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Electrical Heat</strong>: Used in applications that involve temperature control and heating.</li> <li><strong>Electrical Furnace</strong>: Utilized in furnaces for temperature regulation.</li> <li><strong>Ice Plants</strong>: Employed in refrigeration systems for cooling purposes.</li> </ul> <p>All these applications leverage the principles of the Joule-Thomson effect.</p>

101. When current passes through the conductor then the temperature of entire length of conductor either increases or decreases, this is called as ?

<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="716e8f45-3a09-4eb0-b733-3c51ca839dfa" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>When current passes through a conductor, it generates heat due to resistance, known as <strong>Joule Heating</strong>, not described by the Seebeck, Peltier, or Joule/Thomson effects.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Seebeck Effect:</strong> Generates voltage from a temperature difference in conductors.</li> <li><strong>Peltier Effect:</strong> Absorbs or releases heat at a junction of two different conductors when current flows.</li> <li><strong>Joule/Thomson Effect:</strong> Refers to temperature changes in a gas during expansion without work or heat transfer.</li> </ul> <p>Thus, the temperature change in a conductor is due to Joule Heating, not these effects.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

102. Which of the following instruments works with principle of sea back effect ?

<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="63ecf674-b7ba-4f42-89f0-24af78927a32" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Thermopile</strong>: This device is based on the Seebeck effect, which generates an electromotive force (EMF) from a temperature difference between two different conductors. It's often used for measuring temperature.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Thermometer</strong>: While it measures temperature, it typically does not operate on the Seebeck effect; instead, it relies on liquid expansion or electronic sensors.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Ammeter</strong>: This instrument measures electric current and does not operate based on the Seebeck effect.</p> </li> </ul> <p>Thus, the instrument that directly utilizes the Seebeck effect is the <strong>thermopile</strong>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

103. Sea back effect is also called as ?

<ul> <li> <p>The <strong>See beck effect</strong> refers to the generation of an electromotive force (EMF) due to a temperature difference between two different conductors or semiconductors. This phenomenon is a fundamental principle in <strong>thermoelectricity</strong>, which deals with the direct conversion of temperature differences into electric voltage.</p> </li> <li> <p>While "Resistance effect" is related to electrical resistance, it is not synonymous with the Seebeck effect.&nbsp;</p> </li> </ul>

104. Two dissimilar metals wire are join together to form two junction, this arrangement is called as ?

<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="fd2bdf5b-9e49-4657-a419-ac8e0a40271d" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <ul> <li> <p>A <strong>thermocouple</strong> is a device made of two dissimilar metal wires joined at two junctions. When the junctions are subjected to different temperatures, a voltage is generated due to the Seebeck effect, which can be used to measure temperature differences.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Thermo coupling</strong> is not a standard term used in this context, so the appropriate choice is <strong>thermo couple</strong>.</p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2 flex gap-3 empty:hidden -ml-2">&nbsp;</div>

105. Current (I) is given as ? Note: I = Current, V= voltage , R =Resistance

<ul> <li>This formula is derived from <strong>Ohm's Law</strong>, which states that the current (I) flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage (V) across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance (R) of the conductor.</li> </ul> <p>The relationship is given as:<strong> </strong><span class="katex"><strong><span class="katex-mathml">I=V/R</span></strong><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="mord"><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

106. Parallel connection/combination, Resistance ?

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&middot;</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>In a parallel connection of resistors, the total resistance decreases because the total resistance R_t​ can be calculated using the formula:&nbsp; </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">1/R_t=1/R₁+1/R₂+1/R_{3+&hellip;&hellip;..}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&middot;</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>As the total resistance decreases, the overall current in the circuit increases according to Ohm's Law I=V/R</span></p>

107. In Series connection/combination, Resistance ?

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&middot;</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>In a series connection of resistors, the total resistance R_t is the sum of the individual resistances: R_t=R₁+R₂+R₃+&hellip;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&middot;</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>As the total resistance increases, the overall current in the circuit decreases according to Ohm's Law I=V/R Thus, if the resistance increases, the current flowing through the circuit decreases for a given voltage.</span></p>

108. Parallel connection ?

<p>In a parallel connection, all the first ends of the conductors are connected to a common point (usually referred to as the positive terminal), and all the second ends are connected to another common point (usually the negative terminal).</p> <p>This configuration allows multiple paths for current to flow, resulting in a decrease in total resistance and an increase in total current.</p>

109. Series connection ?

<p>In a series connection, the end of one conductor is connected to the beginning of the next conductor, creating a single path for current to flow through all the components.</p> <p>This results in the total resistance being the sum of the individual resistances, and the current remains the same through each component.</p>

110. Which of the following are semi conductor material ?

<p><strong>Gallium arsenide (GaAs)</strong>, <strong>Silicon (Si)</strong>, and <strong>Germanium (Ge)</strong> are all semiconductor materials commonly used in electronics. They have electrical properties that can be manipulated by adding impurities, making them essential for devices like diodes, transistors, and solar cells.</p>

111. Which of the following can be used to detect IR Rays ?

<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="18fb370e-91fd-4298-bb46-1af102674dd1" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <ul> <li><strong>Thermopile</strong>: This device consists of multiple thermocouples connected in series or parallel, and it is sensitive to infrared (IR) radiation. It converts thermal energy from IR radiation into an electrical voltage, allowing it to effectively detect IR rays.</li> <li><strong>Thermometer</strong>: While some thermometers can measure temperature changes caused by IR radiation, they are not specifically designed for detecting IR rays like a thermopile is.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2 flex gap-3 empty:hidden -ml-2">&nbsp;</div>

112. United Nations declared 2019 as ?

<p>The United Nations declared 2019 as the International Year of Indigenous Languages to raise awareness about the critical loss of indigenous languages and the need for urgent preservation and promotion worldwide.</p>

113. Process of sleeping of water into ground is called ?

<p>The process where water seeps through the soil and permeates the ground is called <strong>infiltration</strong>.</p> <p>This natural process replenishes groundwater supplies and supports ecosystems by filtering water as it moves underground.</p>

114. Laternal inversion ?

<div class="flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col relative items-end"> <div> <div class="pt-0"> <div class="gizmo-bot-avatar flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center overflow-hidden rounded-full">&nbsp;</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn"> <div class="flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3"> <div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="647b4c76-b524-414f-a884-5ebc42caa62c" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>Lateral inversion refers to the phenomenon where the left side of an object appears on the right side in its mirror image, and vice versa.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

115. In Optic nerve, cones and rods are ?

<p>In the optic nerve, <strong>cones</strong> are sensitive to bright light, allowing for color vision, while <strong>rods</strong> are sensitive to dim light, enabling night vision.</p>

116. Which of following statement is correct ?

<p>The Moon has <strong>no significant atmosphere</strong>. It has a very thin exosphere, but it is not substantial enough to be considered a proper atmospher</p>

117. Which of the following wire is used as filament in the electrical heater ?

<p>The wire used as a filament in electrical heaters is <strong>Nichrome</strong>, which is an alloy of nickel and chromium known for its high resistance and ability to withstand high temperatures.</p>

118. Decorating and street lights are arranged in ____________ in an electrical circuit ?

<p>Decorative lights and street lights are arranged in parallel in an electrical circuit to maintain the same voltage across each light, ensuring consistent brightness.</p> <p>If one light fails, others remain lit. Similarly, household lamps are also connected in parallel. Decorative lights often use multiple low-power bulbs in series and parallel combinations.</p>

119. Electrical fuse wire as ?

<p>Electrical fuse wire is designed to have a <strong>low melting point and high resistance</strong>. This allows it to melt and break the circuit when excessive current flows, protecting the electrical system from damage.</p>

120. Moon revolves around the Earth takes 27.3 days and Moon rotates his its orbit also takes 27 days. Is this valid statement ?

<p>The Moon takes approximately 27.3 days to revolve around the Earth, which is also the time it takes to complete one rotation on its axis (this phenomenon is known as synchronous rotation).&nbsp;</p> <p>However, you mentioned "27 days," which might be an oversight since the actual period is about 27.3 days.</p>

121. Different patterns are formed in Kaleidoscope, because of?

<p>Different patterns in a kaleidoscope are formed because of <strong>multiple reflection</strong>. The mirrors inside the kaleidoscope reflect light and objects multiple times, creating beautiful and complex patterns.</p>

122. Pupils are found in ?

<p>Pupils are found in the <strong>iris</strong>. The iris controls the size of the pupil, regulating the amount of light that enters the eye.</p>

123. Splitting of light into its colour is called as ?

<p>The splitting of light into its colors is called <strong>dispersion</strong>. This occurs when light passes through a medium, such as a prism, causing the different wavelengths to spread out and form a spectrum.</p>

124. Decomposition of leaves and plant material by soil microorganisms.is called as ?

<p>The decomposition of leaves and plant material by soil microorganisms is called <strong>humus</strong>. Humus is a dark organic matter that improves soil fertility and structure.</p>

125. In India, forest area covers about ?

<p>In India, forest area covers approximately <strong>21%</strong> of the total geographical area. This includes various types of forests, contributing to biodiversity, climate regulation, and livelihoods for many communities.</p>

126. Angle between normal and reflected ray is called as ?

<p>The angle between the normal and the reflected ray is known as the angle of reflection. According to the law of reflection, this angle is equal to the angle of incidence.</p>

127. Angle between normal and incident ray is called as ?

<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="98692902-4a01-406f-9883-e7852ca56146" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>The angle between the normal line and the incident ray is known as the angle of incidence. It is crucial in understanding how light behaves when it strikes a surface.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

128. Normal adult can read with an eyes is about ?

<p>A normal adult can comfortably read at a distance of approximately <strong>25 c</strong>m. This distance is considered optimal for clear vision when reading books, newspapers, or other printed materials.</p>

129. For visually challenged persons, Braille code helps them to read. In Braille code how many dot patterns are available ?

<p>In Braille code, there are <strong>63 dot patterns/characters</strong> available. These patterns are used to represent letters, numbers, and punctuation marks.</p>

130. Sun Light is called as ?

<p>Sunlight is often referred to as <strong>white light</strong> because it contains all the colors of the visible spectrum combined.</p>

131. New moon day ?

<p>On New Moon day, the <strong>moon is between the Earth and the Sun</strong>. This positioning means that the side of the moon facing Earth is not illuminated, making it invisible from our perspective.</p>

132. In how many days moon takes to orbit the Earth ?

<p>The Moon orbits the Earth in approximately <strong>27.3 days,</strong> a period known as a sidereal month. This duration accounts for the Moon's complete revolution around the Earth relative to the stars.</p>

133. In how many days lunar phase completes, i e., from new Moon to new Moon?

<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="4e5a17a4-9b98-4ecc-bbb6-1ea258f19dd8" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>The lunar phase cycle, spanning from one new moon to the next, takes about <strong>29.5 days</strong>. This period is known as a synodic month, accounting for the Earth's orbit around the Sun.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

134. Curd and lemon juice taste as sour because they contain ?

<p>Curd and lemon juice taste sour because they contain acids &ndash; lactic acid in curd and citric acid in lemon juice.</p>

135. Acid in Amla ?

<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="3a77f3d3-4c76-44cf-8b67-3ef41993a370" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>Amla (Indian gooseberry) is rich in ascorbic acid, also known as Vitamin C.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

136. commonly used indicator to test Acid and Bases ?

<p>Litmus is a commonly used indicator to test acids and bases, changing color in their presence (red in acid, blue in base).</p>

137. Red Litmus paper turns to Blue when added to

<p>Red litmus paper is used to test for bases. It changes from red to blue when it comes into contact with a basic substance, indicating the presence of a base.</p>

138. China rose turns basic solution to ?

<p>China rose acts as a natural pH indicator, changing color based on solution acidity. In acidic solutions, it turns dark pink or magenta; in basic solutions, it turns <strong>green</strong>.</p> <p>Neutral solutions show no color change. To create the indicator, soak petals in warm water. Other natural indicators include turmeric and onion juice.</p>

139. In Neutralization reaction, which of the are produced with evolution of heat ?

<p>In a neutralization reaction, both salt and water are produced, and the reaction typically releases heat, making it exothermic.</p>

140. To relieve Ant bites(formic acid) pain, which of the following are used ?

<p>Both baking soda and calamine solution can effectively relieve pain from ant bites. Baking soda, a base, neutralizes formic acid injected by ants, alleviating discomfort.</p> <p>Calamine solution contains zinc carbonate, which also helps soothe the skin and relieve pain. Both are useful treatments for ant bite reactions.</p>

141. Calamine Solution contains ?

<p>Calamine solution contains <strong>zinc carbonat</strong>e, which is basic in nature. It effectively neutralizes the formic acid injected by ants during a bite, providing relief from pain and irritation.</p> <p>This property makes calamine a useful treatment for soothing skin reactions caused by ant stings.</p>

142. Slaked Lime is known as ?

<p>Slaked lime is commonly known as <strong>calcium hydroxide</strong>. It is a white powder used in various applications, including construction, water treatment, and as a pH regulator in agriculture.</p>

143. Physical Properties of substance ?

<p>Physical properties of a substance include its shape, color, size, and other characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical composition.</p>

144. Carbon dioxide is mixed with lime water gives ?

<p>When carbon dioxide is bubbled through lime water (calcium hydroxide), it reacts to form calcium carbonate, which causes the lime water to turn milky due to the precipitation of calcium carbonate.</p>

145. Iron rust is known as ?

<p>Iron rust is primarily known as <strong>iron oxide</strong>, specifically hydrated iron(III) oxide, which forms when iron reacts with oxygen and moisture.</p>

146. Ozone is ?

<p>Ozone is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms, represented as <strong>O₃.</strong></p>

147. Proteins are made of ?

<p>Proteins are biological macromolecules composed of long chains of <strong>amino acids</strong>.</p> <p>They play essential roles in the body, including enzyme function, structure, transport, and immune response, contributing to overall health.</p>

148. Crystallization is ?

<p>Crystallization is a physical change as it involves the formation of solid crystals from a solution without altering the chemical composition of the substance.</p>

149. Satin steel are made up of by mixing Iron with carbon and metals like

<p>Satin steel is made by mixing iron with carbon and various metals, including chromium, nickel, and manganese, to enhance its properties.</p>

150. Process of depositing Zinc layer on Iron is known as

<p><strong>Galvanization</strong> is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to iron or steel to prevent rusting. This method enhances durability and extends the lifespan of metal structures and components.</p>

151. To Prevent Iron Rust, which of the following are used over metal layer on Iron

<p><strong>Galvanization</strong> is a process that involves coating iron and steel with<strong> zinc</strong> to prevent rusting.</p> <p>This protective layer acts as a sacrificial anode, corroding before the underlying metal.</p> <p>Zinc&rsquo;s corrosion resistance enhances durability, making it ideal for outdoor applications. Other methods include painting or greasing iron surfaces for protection.</p>

152. A Change in which one or more new substance is formed is know as ?

<p>A chemical change is a process where one or more new substances are formed. This type of change involves rearrangement of atoms and is often accompanied by energy changes, color shifts, or gas production.</p>

153. Substance which tastes bitter are

<div class="flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col relative items-end"> <div> <div class="pt-0"> <div class="gizmo-bot-avatar flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center overflow-hidden rounded-full">&nbsp;</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn"> <div class="flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3"> <div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="7480cd55-40ab-4aa0-8ce3-6eee1a7871d5" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>Substances that taste bitter are known as <strong>bases</strong>. Common examples include baking soda and various alkaline compounds. Bases can also feel slippery and neutralize acids in chemical reactions.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

154. Acid in Citrus fruits, Oranges and lemons ?

<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="b4d9b51e-65e9-401f-85f1-dc69dac51a5e" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>Citrus fruits like oranges and lemons contain <strong>citric acid</strong>, which gives them their characteristic sour flavor. This organic acid is commonly found in many fruits and plays a role in metabolism.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

155. Acids in Grapes, Unripe Mangoes and Tamarind ?

<p>Grapes, unripe mangoes, and tamarind contain <strong>tartaric acid</strong>, which imparts a sour flavor. Tartaric acid is an important organic acid in many fruits and plays a role in winemaking.</p>

156. Bases in Lime water ?

<p>Lime water contains calcium hydroxide, a strong base that can neutralize acids. It is commonly used in various applications, including water treatment, agriculture, and as a pH regulator.</p>

157. Bases in Window cleaner liquid ?

<p>The base in window cleaner liquid is ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH), also known as ammonia solution. It effectively cleans glass by breaking down dirt.</p> <p>Window cleaners also contain water, glycol ethers like ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and alcohols such as isopropanol. Ammonium hydroxide is also used in hair dye and water treatment.</p>

158. Bases in soap found ?

<p>Soap can be made using both potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as bases. Sodium hydroxide is commonly used for hard soaps, while potassium hydroxide is used for soft soaps.</p>

159. Litmus are extracted from

<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="26cb27fc-79ba-4469-b4ee-d9d20f3da4d3" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p><strong>Litmus</strong> is a natural pH indicator extracted from specific lichens.</p> <p>It changes color in response to acidity or alkalinity, commonly used in laboratories to test the pH of solutions.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

160. China rose turns acidic solution to ?

<p>China rose petals act as a natural pH indicator, turning dark pink or magenta in acidic solutions. This color change helps identify the acidity level in various liquid substances.</p>

161. Reaction between Acid and Base is known as ?

<p>The reaction between an acid and a base is called a <strong>neutralization reaction</strong>, producing water and salt. The resulting pH depends on the acid and base strength.</p> <p>Heat is released, and it often represents a double-replacement reaction, like hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacting with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium chloride (NaCl).</p>

162. To relive from indigestion problem, which of the following are used ?

<p>Antacids are bases used to treat indigestion by neutralizing stomach acid, providing quick relief from heartburn and discomfort. They work rapidly to decrease acid levels in the stomach.</p> <h3>About Antacids:</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Availability:</strong> Antacids can be purchased over-the-counter at pharmacies and shops.</li> <li><strong>Forms:</strong> They come in liquid form or as chewable tablets.</li> <li><strong>Common Ingredients:</strong> Typical ingredients include salts of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, or sodium, which help neutralize acidity effectively.</li> </ul>

163. Baking soda is known as ?

<p>Baking soda, known as <strong>sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO₃),</strong> is a white, crystalline powder used in baking as a leavening agent, as well as in cleaning and deodorizing applications.</p>

164. Substance which are neither acid or base is called as ?

<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="82bd8c13-a1c3-4443-9685-21957c286076" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>Substances that are neither acidic nor basic are called neutral. Neutral substances have a pH of 7, indicating a balanced concentration of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in a solution.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

165. When Vinegar mixes with baking soda gives?

<p>When vinegar (acetic acid) mixes with baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), it produces carbon dioxide gas, water, and sodium acetate.</p>

166. Burning of Magnesium ribbon, flames are ?

<p>Burning magnesium ribbon produces a bright white flame due to the intense heat generated during the reaction. The magnesium reacts with oxygen to form white magnesium oxide as a product.</p>

167. In general physical changes are ?

<p>In general, physical changes are reversible, meaning the original substance can typically be restored after the change.</p>

168. Substance which undergoes change in its physical properties is called as ?

<p>A substance that undergoes a change in its physical properties, such as shape, size, or state, is referred to as experiencing a physical change, which is typically reversible.</p>

169. DNA means ?

<p>DNA stands for <strong>Deoxyribo Nucleic Aci</strong>d, which is the hereditary material in all living organisms.</p>

170. Every cell in human body contains ?

<p>Every cell in the human body contains acids. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) regulates traits and is composed of nucleic acids.</p> <p>Proteins are built from amino acids, while fats consist of fatty acids. Additionally, the body relies on acids for digestion and maintains a pH balance between 7.35 and 7.45.</p>

171. Quick Lime is known as

<p>Quick lime, or calcium oxide (CaO), is a white, alkaline, and caustic solid. It is commonly used in construction, steelmaking, and as a chemical feedstock in various industrial processes.</p>

172. Soil treatment Process – If soil is too basic, treated with

<p>If soil is too basic, it is treated with&nbsp;<strong>Organic matter</strong>. Organic matter can help improve soil structure and enhance nutrient availability, effectively managing soil pH.</p>

173. Soil treatment Process – If soil is too acidic, treated with bases like

<p>If soil is too acidic, it is treated with bases like&nbsp;<strong>Both</strong> <strong>a and b</strong> Quick Lime (calcium oxide) and Slaked Lime (calcium hydroxide). Both can help neutralize acidity and improve soil health.</p>

174. Air Pollutants in the following are

<p>All of the following are air pollutants:</p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>Carbon Dioxide (CO2)</strong>: A greenhouse gas that significantly contributes to air pollution and climate change.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)</strong>: A colorless gas harmful to health and the environment, produced from burning sulfur-containing fuels like coal and oil.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)</strong>: A significant air pollutant from burning fossil fuels, part of nitrogen oxides, which can cause respiratory problems.</p> </li> </ol> <p>Other common air pollutants include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Ozone (O3)</strong>: A secondary pollutant formed when nitrogen oxides react with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in sunlight.</li> <li><strong>Methane (CH4)</strong>: A potent greenhouse gas contributing to global warming and air pollution.</li> </ul>

175. Acid rain because of acids

<p>Acid rain is caused by several acids, including:</p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)</strong>: Formed when carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water, contributing to the acidity of rainwater.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)</strong>: Produced from sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions, especially from burning fossil fuels, leading to more acidic rain.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Nitric Acid (HNO3)</strong>: Formed from nitrogen oxides (NOx) released during combustion processes, which also contributes to acid rain.</p> </li> </ol> <p>All these acids can lower the pH of rainwater, making it more acidic.</p>

176. Turmeric stain on white shirt turn to __________ color when it washes with soap solution ?

<p>When washed with soap, turmeric stains on a white shirt turn <strong>red</strong> due to curcumin, which acts as a natural pH indicator.</p> <p>Curcumin remains yellow in neutral solutions but turns red in basic conditions, like soap. After rinsing, the stain returns to yellow as the soap is removed.</p>

177. Litmus paper with neutral solutions turns as

<p>Litmus paper does not change color in neutral solutions. Red litmus remains red, and blue litmus stays blue, indicating that the solution is neither acidic nor basic.</p>

178. Blue Litmus paper turns to Red when added to

<p>Blue litmus paper turns red when exposed to <strong>acidic solutions</strong>. This color change indicates acidity, while red litmus paper remains unchanged in neutral or basic solutions. Litmus paper is a pH indicator.</p>

179. Bases in Milk of Magnesia ?

<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="9f9607e3-e389-41f9-bf86-222ca18f3b63" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>The base in Milk of Magnesia is&nbsp;<strong>Magnesium hydroxide</strong>. It is commonly used as an antacid to relieve indigestion and as a laxative.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

180. Acid in Spinach ?

<p>The acid present in spinach is&nbsp;<strong>Oxalic acid</strong>. Oxalic acid contributes to the slightly sour taste of spinach and can bind with calcium, forming insoluble calcium oxalate.</p>

181. Acid in Curd ?

<p>The acid present in curd is&nbsp;<strong>Lactic acid</strong>. Lactic acid is produced during the fermentation process of milk into curd by lactic acid bacteria, contributing to its tangy flavor.</p>

182. Acid in Ant’s Sting

<p>The acid in an ant's sting is&nbsp;<strong>Formic acid</strong>. This acid is responsible for the pain and irritation caused by ant stings.</p>

183. Acid in Vinegar ?

<p>The acid in vinegar is&nbsp;<strong>Acetic acid</strong>. This organic compound gives vinegar its characteristic sour taste and pungent smell.</p>

184. Natural indicators to test acids and bases

<p>All these substances&mdash;<strong>turmeric</strong>, <strong>litmus</strong>, and <strong>China rose petals</strong>&mdash;are natural indicators used to test for acids and bases.</p>

185. Rain fall is measured by ?

<p>Rainfall is measured using a <strong>rain gauge</strong>, which collects rainwater in a graduated container. This device allows for accurate measurement of precipitation over a specific period, often in millimeters or inches.</p>

186. Tropical regions generally have __________ climate?

<p>Tropical regions generally have&nbsp;<strong>Hot</strong> climate. This climate is characterized by high temperatures throughout the year, with minimal variation between seasons. Tropical climates often experience distinct wet and dry seasons.</p>

187. Moving of air is called ?

<p>Moving of air is called&nbsp;<strong>Wind</strong>. Wind refers to the movement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, and it plays a crucial role in weather patterns and climate.</p>

188. In Rajasthan Thar Desert, monsoon winds flows from __________ direction in summer ?

<p>In Rajasthan's Thar Desert, monsoon winds flow from&nbsp;<strong>South West</strong> direction in summer. These winds bring rainfall to the region, significantly impacting its climate.</p>

189. Cyclones in Japan called as

<p>Cyclones in Japan are called&nbsp;<strong>Typhoon</strong>. Typhoons are the term used for tropical cyclones that occur in the Northwest Pacific region, including Japan.</p>

190. Cooler Air always

<p>Cooler air always&nbsp;<strong>Shrink Down</strong>. Cooler air is denser than warmer air, causing it to sink rather than rise.</p>

191. Causes for Cyclone ?

<p>The correct answer is&nbsp;<strong>High speed winds and air pressure difference</strong>. Cyclones are caused by the differences in air pressure and high-speed winds, leading to the development of low-pressure areas that result in cyclonic activity.</p>

192. Process of formation of soil is known as ?

<p>The process of soil formation, known as <strong>pedogenesis</strong>, involves <strong>weathering</strong>, where rocks break down through physical and chemical processes caused by water, wind, and organisms.</p> <p>This initial breakdown creates smaller grains, contributing to distinct soil horizons and characteristics influenced by factors like climate, vegetation, and topography over time.</p>

193. Soil which contains greater proportion of big particles is called as ?

<p>Soil that contains a greater proportion of big particles is called&nbsp;<strong>Sandy Soil</strong>. Sandy soil has larger particle sizes, which allows for good drainage but can retain less moisture and nutrients compared to clayey or loamy soils.</p>

194. Best soil for growing plants are

<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="d7c40bfc-4fdc-4641-a7e1-385924d5ea0c" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>The best soil for growing plants is&nbsp;<strong>Loamy Soil</strong>. Loamy soil is a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay, providing good drainage, moisture retention, and nutrient availability, making it ideal for most plants.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2 flex gap-3 empty:hidden -ml-2"> <div class="items-center justify-start rounded-xl p-1 flex"> <div class="flex items-center">&nbsp;</div> </div> </div>

195. Which of following Crops grows in Alluvial soil ?

<p>Alluvial soil is highly fertile and supports the growth of various crops, including rice, wheat, sugarcane, and pulses.</p>

196. Removing of land surface by action of water, wind or ice known as ?

<p><strong>Soil erosion</strong> refers to the removal of the land surface by the action of water, wind, or ice, leading to the loss of soil and nutrients.</p>

197. Cotton is grown in ?

<p>Cotton is best grown in sandy loam soil, which offers good drainage and the ability to retain moisture, essential for cotton plant growth.</p>

198. Zaid crops are ?

<p>Zaid crops are seasonal crops grown during the short period between the Kharif (monsoon) and Rabi (winter) seasons, and include crops like cucumber, pumpkin, and watermelon.</p>

199. Zaid season starts from ?

<p>The Zaid season typically starts in March and lasts until June, covering the period between the Kharif and Rabi seasons.</p>

200. Rabi crops are ?

<p>Rabi crops include wheat, oats, peas, and several other varieties, typically sown in winter and harvested in spring.</p>

201. Which of following Crops grows in Black soil ?

<p>Black soil is particularly suitable for growing <strong>cotton</strong>, as it retains moisture well and is rich in minerals, making it ideal for this crop.</p>

202. Which of following Crops grows in Laterite soil ?

<p>Laterite soil is suitable for growing tea, coffee, and coconut due to its well-drained nature and nutrient content.</p>

203. Soil which contains same proportion of large and fine particles is called as ?

<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="a6c6faa8-49ce-4ca5-b9f5-fc002b458522" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p><strong>Loamy soil</strong> contains a balanced proportion of sand, silt, and clay, making it ideal for growing a variety of plants due to its good drainage and nutrient-holding capacity.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

204. Soil which contains greater proportion of fine particles is called as ?

<p><strong>Clayey soil</strong> has a greater proportion of fine particles, making it dense and capable of retaining moisture, but it may drain poorly compared to sandy soil.</p>

205. In general, Maximum temperature and Minimum temperature of day occurs at ?

<p>In general, the maximum temperature of the day occurs in the afternoon when the sun is at its highest, while the minimum temperature is typically recorded in the early morning before the sun rises.</p>

206. Average weather of place is calculated by recording temperature for long time is called as climate of the place, Duration of recording ?

<p>The climate of a place is defined by the average weather conditions over a long duration, typically requiring a minimum of <strong>20 to 30 years</strong> of recorded temperature and precipitation data.</p> <p>This long-term observation allows for accurate analysis of weather patterns, minimizing short-term anomalies for reliable climate assessments.</p>

207. Rain forests covers over ______ % of the earth surface ?

<p>Rainforests cover less than <strong>6%</strong> of the Earth's surface but are home to over 50% of the world&rsquo;s plant and animal species.</p> <p>They thrive in tropical wet climates, receiving over 60 inches of rainfall annually. Most rainforests are near the equator, with the Amazon being the largest.</p>

208. Moonsoon word is derived from ?

<p>The term "monsoon" originates from the<strong> Arabic word "mausim," meaning "season of winds.</strong>"</p> <p>These seasonal winds play a crucial role in delivering rainfall to the Indian subcontinent, particularly during summer, as they are influenced by the Himalayas, which channel moisture towards the North Indian plains and Brahmaputra Valley.</p>

209. Cyclones in America called as

<p>In different regions, they are referred to by various names: "typhoon" in the western Pacific and "cyclone" in the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, but in the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific, they are specifically termed hurricanes.</p>

210. A Blot of lightening travels at ?

<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="443ebc53-89e7-4fb4-a145-45e576b41d9d" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o-mini"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>This high speed contributes to the instantaneous nature of lightning, creating a bright flash that is seen almost immediately as it strikes.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

211. Humus helps in ?

<p>It improves soil fertility by enhancing nutrient retention, water-holding capacity, and overall soil structure, making it more suitable for plant growth.</p>