1. Arrange the given words in alphabetical order and choose the one that comes first.

2. The Indian Botanical Garden is located at

3. Coffee is extracted from the

4. The device to measure the rate of stem growth is

5. The device to measure the rate of stem growth is

6. The water and mineral salts are transported to the various organs by which of the following?

The xylem is the vascular tissue in plants responsible for the transportation of water and dissolved mineral salts from the roots to the leaves a

7. Which one of the following is the longest flower in the world ?

The Rafflesia arnoldii is the largest flower in the world. It can grow up to 3 feet in diameter and weigh up to 11 kilograms. It is also known as the "corpse flower" because of its s

8. Which of the following is a plant hormone?

Auxin is a plant hormone that plays a crucial role in the growth and development of plants, including processes like cell elongation, root development, and fruit growth. Adrenaline, Oxytocin, and Insulin are hormones found in animals, not plants.

9. Mushrooms is a

Mushrooms are fungi, a group of organisms that are distinct from plants, animals, and bacteria. Fungi, including mushrooms, lack chlorophyll and obtain their nutrients by decomposing organic matter. They belong to the kingdom Fungi.

10. The Indian Botanical Garden is located at

The Indian Botanical Garden, also known as the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden, is located in Kolkata, West Bengal. It is one of the largest botanical gardens in India and is famous for its collection of plants, including the famous Great Banyan Tree.

11. Coffee is extracted from the

Coffee is extracted from the seeds of the coffee plant. The seeds are commonly known as coffee beans, which are found inside the fruit (called coffee cherries) of the coffee plant. After harvesting, the seeds are processed and roasted to make coffee.

12. Golden rice has the highest quantity of

Golden rice is genetically engineered to produce higher levels of provitamin A (beta-carotene), which the body can convert into vitamin A. This was done to combat vitamin A deficiency, especially in areas where rice is a staple food and vitamin A deficiency is common.

13. Which among the following is not a true fruit?

Apple is indeed a false fruit (or accessory fruit) because it develops from the thalamus (receptacle) of the flower, not just the ovary. On the other hand, dates, plums, and grapes are true fruits as they develop from the ovary of the flower after fertilization.

14. In which of the following chlorophyll does not exist?

Pteridophytes, such as ferns, do contain chlorophyll and can perform photosynthesis. Fungi, on the other hand, do not have chlorophyll. They are non-photosynthetic organisms and obtain their nutrients through absorption, often from decaying organic matter.

15. The litmus paper utilized in the chemical laboratories is made of

Litmus paper is made from lichens, a type of organism formed from the symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. Lichens are used to create the natural dye litmus, which is used to test the pH of a solution. The red or blue color of the litmus paper changes depending on whether the solution is acidic or alkaline.

16. The branch of botany under which fungi is studied

Mycology is the branch of botany (and more broadly biology) that deals with the study of fungi. It involves the classification, structure, genetics, and ecological roles of fungi. Fungi include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms, and mycology helps to understand their role in ecosystems, their medicinal uses, and their impact on health and agriculture.

17. Which of the following is a living fossil?

Cycas is a living fossil because it is a member of an ancient group of plants that have existed for millions of years and has changed very little over time. They are part of the Cycadophyta, a group of gymnosperms, and are often called "living fossils" because their ancestors existed during the time of the dinosaurs and have survived with very little evolutionary change.

18. Epiphytes are plants which depend on other plants for

Epiphytes are plants that grow on other plants but do not take nutrients from them. They rely on other plants for mechanical support, using the host plant as a structure to grow on. They typically obtain water and nutrients from the air, rain, or surrounding environment, not from the plant they grow on.

19. Which plant’s leaves are used to make outer wrap of ‘beedi’?

The leaves of the Tendu plant (Diospyros lotus) are used to make the outer wrap of 'beedi,' which is a traditional form of hand-rolled cigarette in India. The leaves are chosen for their durability and flexibility, making them ideal for wrapping the tobacco in beedis.

20. Photosynthesis using the invisible part of the sunlight is done by

Photosynthesis in green plants typically occurs within the 400 nm to 700 nm range of visible light, known as Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR). However, certain bacteria, like green and purple bacteria, can utilize near-infrared light (700 nm–900 nm) for photosynthesis, adapting to different light environments.

21. Tallest terrestrial tree on the earth is

The tallest terrestrial tree on Earth is Sequoia. Specifically, the Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) holds the record, with some trees reaching heights of over 350 feet (107 meters). These trees are found primarily along the coast of Northern California, USA.

22. Which of the following bears naked seeds?

Gymnosperms are seed-producing plants that bear naked seeds, meaning their seeds are not enclosed within a fruit. Examples include pine, cycad, and fir trees. Unlike angiosperms, which have seeds enclosed in fruits, gymnosperms produce seeds on cones or exposed structures.

23. The gas released during the photosynthesis by the green plants is

During photosynthesis, green plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) into glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂). The oxygen is released as a byproduct. Equation for Photosynthesis: 6CO₂+6H₂O+Light→(C₆H₁₂O₆)+6O₂ Thus, oxygen (O₂) is the gas released during photosynthesis.

24. Water equivalent is equal to the product of

Water equivalent (W) is the amount of water that would absorb the same amount of heat as a given substance for the same temperature rise. It is given by the formula: 𝑊 = 𝑚 × 𝑐 where: 𝑚 = mass of the substance 𝑐 = specific heat capacity of the substance Thus, water equivalent is equal to the product of mass and specific heat.

25. For the measurement of temperature of the order of 400°C, we will prefer

A thermocouple is the best choice for measuring temperatures around 400°C, as it operates on the Seebeck effect, generating voltage based on temperature differences. Mercury thermometers are unsuitable above 356°C, alcohol thermometers evaporate at lower temperatures, and radiation thermometers are used for extremely high temperatures beyond 700°C.

26. In which mode of transmission, the heat waves travel along straight line with the speed of light?

In thermal radiation, heat transfer occurs through electromagnetic waves, primarily in the infrared spectrum. These waves travel in a straight line at the speed of light and do not require a medium, unlike conduction and convection.

27. The energy that can harness heat stored below the earth’s surface is known as

Geothermal energy refers to the heat stored beneath the Earth's surface, which can be harnessed for various uses such as electricity generation and direct heating. This energy comes from the natural radioactive decay of minerals and the heat remaining from the planet's formation.

28. A cooking pot should have

Low specific heat means the material heats up quickly when energy is applied, making the cooking process faster. High conductivity means the material transfers heat efficiently, ensuring even cooking. High specific heat would cause the material to absorb more heat before its temperature rises, which is not ideal for cookware as it would take longer to heat up.

29. Which of the following metals is found in the chlorophyll?

Magnesium is the central metal ion in the chlorophyll molecule. It plays a crucial role in the process of photosynthesis by enabling the absorption of light energy. The green pigment in plants, chlorophyll, contains magnesium at its core, which is essential for the plant's ability to capture light.

30. Which of the following is the cellular respiratory centre?

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are the site of cellular respiration, where energy in the form of ATP is produced. The process involves the conversion of glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. This makes mitochondria the cellular respiratory center.

31. The red colour of the red sea is due to the presence of

The red color of the Red Sea is primarily due to the presence of a type of algae called Trichodesmium erythraeum, which has a reddish pigment. These algae bloom in large numbers, giving the sea its reddish hue. The name "Red Sea" comes from this phenomenon.

32. Which of the following is known as the Father of Indian Botany?

William Roxburgh is known as the Father of Indian Botany. He was a Scottish botanist and physician who is credited with compiling a comprehensive flora of India. His work helped lay the foundation for the study of Indian plants and their medicinal properties.

33. Plants which grow in saline soil are

Halophytes are plants that grow in saline (salty) soil or in environments with high salt concentration, such as coastal regions. These plants have specialized adaptations to cope with the salt, allowing them to survive in such challenging conditions.

34. The normal temperature of the human body is

The normal body temperature of a human is typically around 98.6°F (37°C). This is the average temperature considered normal for a healthy adult. However, it can slightly vary from person to person.

35. Element present in largest amount in human body is

Oxygen is the most abundant element in the human body, making up about 65% of the body's total mass. It is a key component of water, which makes up a significant portion of the human body, and is also present in various biological molecules like proteins and nucleic acids.

36. The heart is covered by a membrane called

The heart is surrounded by a protective membrane known as the pericardium. It is a double-walled sac that contains a small amount of fluid to reduce friction during the heart's pumping action. The epicardium is the outer layer of the heart wall, which is a part of the pericardium.

37. Any foreign particle which stimulates the formation of antibodies is called

An antigen is any foreign substance, such as bacteria, viruses, or particles, that triggers the immune system to produce antibodies in response. These antibodies help the body identify and neutralize the foreign invaders.

38. Wisdom teeth normally grow during the age of

Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, typically emerge between the ages of 17 and 30 years. Some people may not develop them at all, or they may remain impacted (unable to fully emerge).

39. The speed of light with the rise in the temperature of the medium

The speed of light in a vacuum is a constant and does not depend on the temperature of the medium through which it travels. It is approximately 3 × 10^8 meters per second (m/s). However, when light passes through any medium other than a vacuum (such as air, water, or glass), its speed is affected by the medium's refractive index, which can vary with temperature.

40. Pressure exerted by gas is

This relationship is described by the ideal gas law, which states that pressure is directly proportional to the density of the gas when the temperature and volume are constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as 𝑃 = 𝜌𝑅𝑇 where P is the pressure, ρ is the density, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.

41. A gas behaves as an ideal gas more closely at

An ideal gas behaves most closely under conditions of low pressure and high temperature because under these conditions, the gas molecules are far apart and interactions between them are minimized. At low pressures, the gas molecules occupy a large volume, and at high temperatures, the kinetic energy of the molecules is high, reducing the effect of intermolecular forces.

42. The temperature of a gas is measured with a

A gas thermometer measures temperature by using the physical properties of a gas, typically the pressure or volume, which changes with temperature. It is based on the idea that the pressure of a gas at constant volume is directly proportional to its temperature.

43. At absolute zero temperature, the kinetic energy of the molecules

At absolute zero (0 Kelvin), the kinetic energy of the molecules theoretically becomes zero, as molecular motion stops. This is the lowest possible temperature, and at this point, atoms and molecules would have minimal or no movement.

44. Which is a small conical gland like structure of unknown function found in the brain of vertebrates?

The pineal body, also known as the pineal gland, is a small conical structure located in the brain of vertebrates. Its primary known function is the production of the hormone melatonin, which regulates sleep patterns, although its exact role is still being studied.

45. The largest lymphatic organ of the body is

The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. It plays an important role in filtering blood, storing red blood cells, and aiding in immune function by fighting infection and recycling iron from red blood cells.

46. Which of the following is connected with blood pressure?

The adrenal glands are connected with blood pressure. They release hormones such as aldosterone, which helps regulate sodium and water balance, influencing blood volume and blood pressure. The adrenal medulla also secretes adrenaline (epinephrine), which can raise blood pressure during stress or physical activity.

47. The richest source of Vitamin D is

Cod liver oil is the richest source of Vitamin D. It contains high levels of Vitamin D, which is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.

48. Which of the following substances is widely used as inhalation anaesthetic?

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas, is widely used as an inhalation anesthetic in medical procedures. It has analgesic and anesthetic properties and is often combined with other anesthetics for surgical use.

49. The symbiotic association of fungi and vascular plants is

Mycorrhizae is a symbiotic association between fungi and the roots of vascular plants. The fungus helps the plant absorb water and nutrients, especially phosphorus, while the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis.

50. The antibiotic which is extracted from the fungi is

Penicillin is extracted from the mold Penicillium, and cephalosporin is derived from the fungus Acremonium. Both are important antibiotics that have been used in the treatment of bacterial infections.

51. The organ affected by jaundice is

Jaundice is a condition that occurs when there is an excess of bilirubin (a yellow pigment) in the blood, which typically indicates liver dysfunction or disease. The liver is responsible for processing bilirubin, and when it is not functioning properly, jaundice may develop.

52. The plant body of mushroom is

The plant body of a mushroom is made up of mycelium, which is a network of thread-like structures called hyphae. This mycelium grows underground or in decaying organic material and is responsible for nutrient absorption. The fruiting body, which we recognize as the mushroom, emerges from the mycelium.

53. Liquid is converted to gas before reaching its boiling point is called

Evaporation is the process in which a liquid turns into a gas at temperatures below its boiling point. This occurs at the surface of the liquid, and the molecules with higher energy escape into the air.

54. Where is ptyalin produced?

Ptyalin, also known as salivary amylase, is an enzyme produced by the salivary glands. It helps break down starches into simpler sugars during the process of digestion in the mouth.

55. The atmospheric carbon dioxide enters into the plants through the process of

Atmospheric carbon dioxide enters plants through the process of photosynthesis. During this process, plants take in carbon dioxide from the air and, using sunlight and water, convert it into glucose and oxygen.

56. Period of complete development of foetus starting with implantation till the birth of young one is called

Gestation is the period of complete development of the fetus, starting with implantation and continuing until the birth of the young one.

57. The process by which plant prepare their food material is called

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants prepare their food material using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.

58. Transpiration takes place through

Transpiration is the process of water vapor loss from the plant, primarily through small pores on the leaves called stomata.