1. Brahamputra River Origin
River English Name: Brahmaputra River
River Assamese Name: ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ নদী
Origin: Himalayas
Length: 2,900 Km
Dam: Zangmu Dam
Connecting State: Arunachal Pradesh
Origin – The Brahmaputra River originates from the Chemayungdung Glacier in the Himalayas, near Kailash Mansarovar, Tibet, where it is called Yarlung Tsangpo.
Entry into Arunachal Pradesh – The river enters India through Kibithu in Arunachal Pradesh, where it is known as the Siang River before joining other tributaries.
Major Tributaries in Arunachal Pradesh – The Dibang, Lohit, and Siang Rivers merge with the Brahmaputra in Arunachal Pradesh, increasing its volume.
Flow Characteristics – The river flows through deep gorges in Arunachal Pradesh, creating steep rapids, making it ideal for hydropower generation.
Hydroelectric Potential – The Upper Siang Hydroelectric Project and other proposed dams aim to harness the hydropower potential of the river in Arunachal Pradesh.
Zangmu Dam – The Zangmu Dam, built by China on the Yarlung Tsangpo (Brahmaputra in Tibet), has raised concerns over water flow into Arunachal Pradesh.
Ecological Significance – The river supports rich biodiversity, including rare species like the Gangetic dolphin, and is vital for wetlands and forests in Arunachal Pradesh.
Flooding & Erosion – During monsoons, the river swells rapidly, causing floods and soil erosion in Arunachal Pradesh, affecting settlements and agriculture.
Cultural & Religious Importance – The Brahmaputra is considered sacred by local tribes and plays a key role in their religious and cultural traditions.
Strategic Importance – The river’s proximity to the India-China border makes it crucial for security, and India closely monitors water-related activities in Tibet.
2. Barak River Origin
English Name: Barak River
Assamese Name: বৰাক নদী
Origin: Mukru River, Manipur
Length: 900 km
Major Dam: (No major dam reported)
Connecting States: Manipur, Mizoram
The Barak River is an important river in Northeast India, eventually splitting into the Surma and Kushiyara Rivers in Bangladesh.
It plays a key role in irrigation and transportation in the region
3. Dhansiri River Origin
English Name: Dhansiri River
Assamese Name: ধনশিৰি নদী
Origin: Laisang Peak, Nagaland
Length: 352 km
Major Dam: (No major dam reported)
Connecting State: Nagaland, Assam
The Dhansiri River is the largest tributary of the Brahmaputra River in Assam. It flows through Kaziranga National Park, playing a vital role in the region’s biodiversity and ecosystem.
4. Manas River Origin
English Name: Manas River
Assamese Name: মানস নদী
Origin: Himalayan Range, Bhutan
Length: 376 km
Major Dam: (No major dam reported)
Connecting State: Assam
The Manas River is a transboundary river flowing from Bhutan to India. It is famous for the Manas National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its rich biodiversity.
5. Dihing River Origin
English Name: Dihing River
Assamese Name: দিহিং নদী
Origin: Patkai Hills, Arunachal Pradesh
Length: 380 km
Major Dam: (No major dam reported)
Connecting State: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam
The Dihing River is an important tributary of the Brahmaputra River. It flows through the Dehing Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary, known for its rich biodiversity and rainforest ecosystem.
6. Surma River Origin
English Name: Surma River
Assamese Name: সুৰমা নদী
Origin: Manipur Hills, India
Length: 900 km
Major Dam: (No major dam reported)
Connecting State: Assam, Meghalaya
The Surma River is a major river in Northeast India and Bangladesh. It originates in India as part of the Barak River, which splits into the Surma and Kushiyara Rivers in Bangladesh, playing a crucial role in the region's water system.
7. Bhogdoi River Origin
English Name: Bhogdoi River
Assamese Name: ভোগদোই নদী
Origin: Naga Hills, Nagaland
Length: (Not well-documented)
Major Dam: (No major dam reported)
Connecting State: Nagaland, Assam
The Bhogdoi River is an important tributary of the Brahmaputra River, flowing through Jorhat in Assam.
It plays a vital role in irrigation but faces environmental challenges due to pollution and siltation.
8. Kameng River Origin
English Name: Kameng River
Assamese Name: কামেং নদী
Origin: Himalayan Mountains, Arunachal Pradesh
Length: 264 km
Major Dam: (No major dam reported)
Connecting State: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam
The Kameng River is an important tributary of the Brahmaputra River. It flows through Pakke Tiger Reserve and is known for its scenic beauty, biodiversity, and significance in hydroelectric projects.
9. Kopili River Origin
English Name: Kopili River
Assamese Name: কপিলী নদী
Origin: Meghalaya Plateau
Length: 290 km
Major Dams: Khandong Dam, Umrongso Dam
Connecting State: Meghalaya, Assam
The Kopili River is an important south-bank tributary of the Brahmaputra River.
It is crucial for hydroelectric power generation and irrigation but is affected by acid mine drainage from coal mining in Meghalaya.
10. Lohit River Origin
• English Name: Lohit River
• Assamese Name: লৌহিত নদী
• Origin: Kangri Garpo, Tibet
• Length: 200 km (within India; total length ~600 km)
• Major Dam: (No major dam reported)
• Connecting State: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam
The Lohit River is a major tributary of the Brahmaputra River, flowing through Arunachal Pradesh.
It is known for its fast currents and rugged terrain, contributing to the rich biodiversity of the region.