3. Interpretation of instructions in a computer is done by
4. One of the following is not an output device
5. Which one of the following is not an output device?
6. Which one is an open source operating system?
7. An optical mark reader (OMR) is
8. 8. Laser printer resolution is specified in terms of
10. 10. GUI is used as an interface between
11. ____ editing software Photoshop uses raster-based images to edit photos.
12. Several graphical and digital artworks can be ____ using Photoshop.
13. Adobe Systems develops Photoshop, which is available for ____.
14. Photoshop files are usually saved as ___ files.
15. What does PSD stand for?
16. Party account can be created through
17. For export of data from company to company tally uses
18. We can change the company information from
19. Manufacturing journal creates based on
20. Transfer from Main Cash to petty Cash you require to pass ……….. voucher
21. Which of the following is the brain of the computer?
Central Processing Unit (CPU):
Definition: The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is often referred to as the brain of the computer because it is responsible for executing instructions and processing data. It performs the basic arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions in the program.
Components:
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic and logical operations.
Control Unit (CU): Directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computer's memory, arithmetic and logic unit, and input and output devices how to respond to the program's instructions.
Registers: Small storage locations within the CPU that hold data temporarily during execution of instructions.
Functions:
Fetch: Retrieves an instruction from memory.
Decode: Converts the instruction into signals that can be executed by the CPU.
Execute: Carries out the instruction.
Store: Writes the result back to memory if needed.
Other Options:
A) Memory:
Definition: Memory (RAM - Random Access Memory) is used to store data temporarily that is currently being used or processed by the CPU. While it plays a crucial role in a computer's operation by providing space for active data and instructions, it does not perform processing tasks.
Types: RAM (volatile memory) and ROM (non-volatile memory).
B) Input Device:
Definition: Input devices are peripherals used to provide data and control signals to a computer. Examples include keyboards, mice, and scanners.
Function: They enable users to interact with the computer but do not process data.
D) Output Device:
Definition: Output devices are peripherals that receive data from the computer and present it to the user. Examples include monitors, printers, and speakers.
Function: They display, print, or play the processed data from the computer but do not perform processing tasks.
Conclusion:
The CPU is integral to a computer's operation as it executes instructions and processes data, which is why it is aptly referred to as the "brain" of the computer. Memory, input devices, and output devices support the CPU but do not perform the core processing functions. Therefore, the correct answer is:
C) CPU
22. What does RAM stand for?
Random Access Memory (RAM):
Definition: RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is a type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly; any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes. This allows for quick read and write access to a storage location.
Characteristics:
Volatile Memory: RAM is volatile, meaning it loses its contents when the power is turned off. It is used for temporary storage while the computer is running.
Speed: RAM is much faster than permanent storage devices like hard drives or SSDs. This speed is crucial for a computer's performance because it allows the CPU to quickly retrieve and process data.
Temporary Storage: RAM is used to store data that is currently being used or processed by the computer. This includes the operating system, applications, and data that the applications are working with.
Types of RAM:
DRAM (Dynamic RAM): Needs to be refreshed thousands of times per second. It's the most common type of RAM found in computers and other devices.
SRAM (Static RAM): Faster and more reliable than DRAM, but also more expensive. It is used for cache memory in the CPU.
Usage:
Operating System: The OS loads into RAM when the computer is turned on.
Applications: Software programs load into RAM when they are launched.
Data Processing: Any data being used or processed by the CPU is stored temporarily in RAM for quick access.
Other Options:
A) Read Access Memory:
Incorrect Definition: This term does not accurately describe RAM. RAM allows both read and write access to data.
C) Rapid Access Memory:
Misleading Term: While RAM does provide fast access to data, this is not the correct full form.
D) Read And Manage:
Incorrect Definition: This term is not related to RAM and does not describe its functionality or characteristics.
Conclusion:
RAM, or Random Access Memory, is a critical component of a computer that provides quick read and write access to data. It is used for temporary storage of data and instructions that the CPU needs while performing tasks. The correct answer is:
B) Random Access Memory
23. Which of the following is an example of an input device?
Input Device:
Definition: An input device is any hardware component that allows a user to enter data and control signals into a computer system. Input devices are essential for interacting with the computer and providing the necessary data for processing.
Examples of Input Devices:
Mouse: A pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface. It is used to control the cursor on the screen, navigate the graphical user interface (GUI), and interact with various software applications.
Keyboard: A device consisting of a set of keys that allows the user to input text and commands into the computer.
Scanner: A device that converts physical documents into digital format for processing and storage.
Microphone: A device that captures audio input and converts it into digital signals for processing by the computer.
Other Options:
A) Monitor:
Definition: A monitor is an output device that displays visual information generated by the computer's graphics card. It provides a visual interface for the user to interact with the computer.
Function: It displays the processed data, such as text, images, and videos, allowing the user to see the results of their input and the computer's processing.
B) Printer:
Definition: A printer is an output device that produces a hard copy of digital documents. It transfers text and images from the computer onto paper or other printable media.
Function: It provides a physical output of digital data, such as documents, photographs, and graphics.
D) Speaker:
Definition: A speaker is an output device that converts digital audio signals into sound. It allows the user to hear audio output from the computer.
Function: It outputs sound, including music, dialogue, alerts, and other audio effects.
Conclusion:
Among the options provided, the mouse is the only input device. It allows the user to interact with the computer by moving the cursor and selecting items on the screen. The monitor, printer, and speaker are all output devices that display or produce the results of the computer's processing. Therefore, the correct answer is:
C) Mouse
24. Which of the following is NOT a type of software?
Types of Software:
Operating System (OS):
Definition: The operating system is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. It acts as an intermediary between the user and the computer hardware.
Functions: Manages memory, processes, and peripherals. Examples include Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android.
Application Software:
Definition: Application software is designed to perform specific tasks for the user. It includes programs such as word processors, web browsers, spreadsheets, and multimedia players.
Functions: Allows users to accomplish tasks, create content, and interact with the computer. Examples include Microsoft Office, Photoshop, Chrome, VLC Media Player.
Firmware:
Definition: Firmware is a specific type of software that provides low-level control for the hardware. It is stored in non-volatile memory and is used to control devices and systems.
Functions: Controls device functionality, initializes hardware components, and provides basic operational capabilities. Examples include BIOS (Basic Input/Output System), device firmware (e.g., router firmware, printer firmware).
Hardware:
Definition: Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system. These are tangible parts that you can touch and see, such as the CPU, memory, motherboard, hard drive, keyboard, and monitor.
Functions: Hardware components perform physical tasks and operations, including processing data, storing information, displaying output, and receiving input.
Conclusion:
Among the options provided, "Hardware" is not a type of software. It refers to the physical components of a computer system that perform tasks based on instructions provided by software. Operating systems, application software, and firmware are all types of software that control and manage different aspects of computer operation and functionality. Therefore, the correct answer is:
D) Hardware
25. Which part of the computer is responsible for executing instructions to process data?
CPU (Central Processing Unit):
Definition: The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is often referred to as the brain of the computer. It is responsible for executing instructions to process data and control all other parts of the computer system.
Functions:
Instruction Execution: The CPU fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, and executes them. These instructions include arithmetic and logic operations, data movements, and control flow instructions.
Data Processing: The CPU performs calculations and manipulates data according to the instructions provided by software programs (applications and operating system).
Control: It coordinates the operation of other hardware components, such as memory, input/output devices, and peripheral devices.
Components:
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic and logic operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and comparisons.
Control Unit (CU): Manages the execution of instructions, controls the flow of data within the CPU, and interacts with memory and input/output devices.
Registers: Small, high-speed storage locations within the CPU that temporarily hold data and instructions during processing.
Other Options:
A) RAM (Random Access Memory):
Function: RAM is a type of computer memory that provides temporary storage for data and instructions that the CPU needs while performing tasks. It does not execute instructions itself but holds data that the CPU can access quickly during processing.
B) Hard Drive:
Function: A hard drive is a type of storage device that stores data persistently (even when the power is off) on spinning disks or solid-state drives. It provides long-term storage for programs, applications, and user data but does not directly execute instructions.
D) GPU (Graphics Processing Unit):
Function: A GPU is a specialized processor originally designed for rendering graphics and images for display on a monitor. While modern GPUs can perform general-purpose computing tasks, they are primarily optimized for parallel processing of graphics data and are not responsible for executing general instructions to process data.
Conclusion:
The CPU is the component of the computer that executes instructions to process data. It performs calculations, manipulates data, and controls the overall operation of the computer system. RAM provides temporary storage for data and instructions needed by the CPU, while the hard drive stores data persistently. The GPU is specialized for graphics processing. Therefore, the correct answer is:
C) CPU
26. What is the primary purpose of an operating system?
Purpose of an Operating System (OS):
An operating system (OS) is system software that acts as an intermediary between users and the computer hardware. Its primary purpose is to manage and control the hardware and software resources of a computer system. Here’s how an operating system fulfills its primary purpose:
Hardware Management:
The OS manages computer hardware resources such as CPU, memory (RAM), storage devices (hard drives, SSDs), input/output devices (keyboard, mouse, monitor), and peripheral devices (printers, scanners). It allocates these resources to running programs and manages their access.
Software Resource Management:
The OS manages software resources, including applications and utilities installed on the computer. It provides services and interfaces that allow software programs to run effectively, manage files, access networks, and communicate with hardware devices.
User Interface:
The OS provides a user interface (UI) through which users interact with the computer. This can be a graphical user interface (GUI) or a command-line interface (CLI), allowing users to launch applications, manage files, configure settings, and receive feedback from the computer.
Process Management:
The OS manages processes, which are programs in execution. It schedules processes for execution, allocates resources, controls process execution (starting, pausing, terminating), and ensures that processes do not interfere with each other.
Memory Management:
The OS manages system memory (RAM) by allocating memory space to processes and ensuring efficient use of available memory. It handles memory swapping (moving data between RAM and storage), memory protection (preventing unauthorized access to memory), and virtual memory management.
File System Management:
The OS manages the organization and storage of data on storage devices through the file system. It creates, reads, writes, deletes, and organizes files and directories, ensuring data integrity and accessibility.
Other Options Explained:
A) To perform arithmetic and logic operations:
Performing arithmetic and logic operations is a task handled by the CPU (Central Processing Unit), not the operating system. The OS coordinates and manages the resources needed for these operations but does not perform them directly.
C) To store data permanently:
Storing data permanently is the role of storage devices such as hard drives and SSDs, which are managed by the operating system. The OS ensures data is stored and retrieved efficiently but does not perform the storage function itself.
D) To display output to the user:
Displaying output to the user is handled by output devices such as monitors, which are controlled by the operating system. The OS manages how information is displayed but is not the primary purpose of its operation.
Conclusion:
The primary purpose of an operating system (OS) is to manage and control computer hardware and software resources, providing a platform for users and applications to interact with the computer system efficiently and effectively. Therefore, the correct answer is:
B) To manage computer hardware and software resources
27. Which type of memory is non-volatile and used to store firmware?
Types of Memory:
RAM (Random Access Memory):
Characteristics:
Volatile memory: Loses its contents when the power is turned off.
Used for temporary storage of data and instructions that the CPU needs while running programs.
Fast access speed, allowing quick read and write operations.
ROM (Read-Only Memory):
Characteristics:
Non-volatile memory: Retains its contents even when the power is turned off.
Used primarily to store firmware, which is software that is permanently programmed into the ROM chip during manufacturing.
Provides essential instructions for booting up the computer system and initializing hardware components.
Typically cannot be modified or overwritten, hence the term "read-only."
Cache Memory:
Characteristics:
High-speed volatile memory located closer to the CPU than RAM.
Stores frequently accessed data and instructions to speed up CPU operations.
Helps reduce the time the CPU needs to wait for data from the slower main memory (RAM).
Registers:
Characteristics:
Fastest type of computer memory located within the CPU.
Stores data and instructions that are currently being used by the CPU.
Used for temporary storage during processing, including arithmetic operations and data movements.
Explanation of the Answer:
B) ROM (Read-Only Memory):
ROM is a type of non-volatile memory used to store firmware, which consists of essential instructions and data necessary for the computer system's operation. Firmware stored in ROM includes the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) on PCs, firmware in embedded systems (like routers, printers), and other device-specific instructions.
Unlike RAM, ROM retains its contents even when the power is turned off, making it suitable for storing critical startup instructions and permanent software.
Other Options:
A) RAM (Random Access Memory):
RAM is volatile memory used for temporary storage of data and instructions that the CPU needs while running programs. It is not used to store firmware and loses its contents when the power is turned off.
C) Cache:
Cache memory is high-speed volatile memory used to temporarily store frequently accessed data and instructions to speed up CPU operations. It is faster than RAM but does not store firmware.
D) Register:
Registers are the fastest type of memory located within the CPU. They store data and instructions currently being used by the CPU during processing. Registers are used for temporary storage and are not suitable for storing firmware.
Conclusion:
The type of memory that is non-volatile and used to store firmware is ROM (Read-Only Memory). ROM retains its contents even when the power is turned off and is used to store critical startup instructions and permanent software like BIOS. Therefore, the correct answer is:
B) ROM
28. What is the full form of URL?
URL (Uniform Resource Locator):
Definition: A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a web address that specifies the location of a resource on the internet. It is used to identify and access resources such as web pages, images, videos, files, and other resources.
Components of a URL:
A typical URL consists of the following components:
Scheme: Indicates the protocol used to access the resource (e.g., HTTP, HTTPS, FTP).
Hostname: Specifies the domain name or IP address of the server hosting the resource.
Path: Specifies the location of the resource on the server's file system.
Query Parameters: Optional parameters that provide additional information to the server about the request.
Fragment Identifier: Optional reference to a specific part of the resource, often used in web pages (e.g., for navigating to a particular section within a long document).
Explanation of Options:
A) Uniform Resource Locator (URL):
This is the correct full form of URL. It accurately describes the standardized format used to specify the address of resources on the web.
B) Universal Resource Locator:
While similar to the correct option, "Universal" is not the term used to describe the standard web address format. "Uniform" specifically denotes consistency and standardization across different resources and locations.
C) Uniform Reference Locator:
This option replaces "Resource" with "Reference," which is not the commonly accepted terminology for specifying web addresses. "Resource" in URL implies a specific entity or data available at a given location.
D) Universal Reference Locator:
Similar to option B, this alternative uses "Universal" instead of "Uniform," which does not accurately reflect the standardized nature of web addresses.
Conclusion:
The full form of URL is A) Uniform Resource Locator. It is a standardized format used to specify the address of resources on the internet, including web pages, files, images, and other online content. Therefore, the correct answer is:
A) Uniform Resource Locator
29. Which of the following is an example of system software?
System software refers to programs that manage and support the computer system and its hardware components. They provide essential functionalities for running applications and interacting with the hardware. Let's analyze each option to identify the example of system software:
A) Microsoft Word: Microsoft Word is not system software. It is an application software used for word processing.
B) Adobe Photoshop: Adobe Photoshop is also application software. It is used for image editing and manipulation.
C) Linux: Linux is an operating system (OS), which is a type of system software. It manages computer hardware and provides services for applications. Linux distributions (distros) like Ubuntu, Fedora, and CentOS are widely used as operating systems.
D) Mozilla Firefox: Mozilla Firefox is a web browser, which is application software used for accessing and navigating the internet.
Conclusion:
Among the options provided, C) Linux is the example of system software. It is an operating system that manages computer hardware resources and provides a platform for applications to run. Therefore, the correct answer is:
C) Linux
30. Which port is commonly used to connect peripheral devices to a computer?
USB (Universal Serial Bus):
Definition: USB is a standard for connecting peripheral devices to a computer. It provides a plug-and-play interface that allows devices like keyboards, mice, printers, external hard drives, smartphones, and cameras to be connected and communicate with the computer.
Key Features of USB:
Versatility: USB ports are versatile and support a wide range of peripheral devices, making them universally compatible across different computer systems.
Hot Swapping: USB supports hot swapping, which means devices can be connected or disconnected from the computer without needing to restart the system.
Types of USB Ports:
USB Type-A: This is the traditional USB connector found on most computers and devices.
USB Type-B: Commonly used on printers and other peripheral devices.
USB Type-C: A newer, reversible connector that is becoming increasingly popular for its compact size and high data transfer rates.
Other Options Explained:
A) HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface):
HDMI ports are used for transmitting high-definition audio and video signals between devices like computers, TVs, and monitors. They are not primarily used for connecting peripheral devices like keyboards or printers.
C) VGA (Video Graphics Array):
VGA ports are used for connecting monitors and display devices to computers, primarily for video output. They do not support peripheral device connections.
D) Ethernet:
Ethernet ports are used for wired network connections, allowing computers to connect to local area networks (LANs) or the internet via Ethernet cables. They are not used for connecting peripheral devices directly.
Conclusion:
The port commonly used to connect peripheral devices such as keyboards, mice, printers, and external storage to a computer is B) USB (Universal Serial Bus). It provides a versatile and widely compatible interface for various types of peripherals. Therefore, the correct answer is:
B) USB