Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was one of India's most respected scientists and a beloved former President.

Known as the “Missile Man of India”, he played a crucial role in India’s defense and space programs. His life was dedicated to scientific advancement, education, and inspiring the youth.

Early Life & Education

•      Born: 15 October 1931, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu
•     Family Background: He came from a humble background; his father was a boat owner, and his mother was a homemaker.

Education:

• Completed his schooling at Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram
• Graduated in Aeronautical Engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT).
• His early struggles shaped his determination to excel in science and technology.

Scientific Career & Contributions

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) – 1969 to 1982

•     Played a key role in India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III), which successfully placed the Rohini satellite in orbit in 1980.
•    Contributed to the development of satellite technology and space research.

Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) & Missile Development

    Led the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP), which developed India’s major missile systems:

• Agni (Intermediate-range ballistic missile)
• Prithvi (Surface-to-surface missile)
• Akash (Surface-to-air missile)
• Trishul (Short-range surface-to-air missile)
• Nag (Anti-tank guided missile)

His work on indigenous defense technologies earned him the title "Missile Man of India."

Pokhran-II Nuclear Tests (1998)

•    As the Chief Scientific Advisor to the Prime Minister, Dr. Kalam played a key role in India’s successful nuclear tests in 1998, making India a nuclear power.

Presidency (2002-2007)

•     11th President of India (25 July 2002 – 25 July 2007)
•    Elected as the People’s President, known for his humble nature and vision for India’s development.
•    Focused on education, youth empowerment, and national security.
•     Visited schools and universities to motivate students to dream big and work hard.

Post-Presidency & Legacy

•    After leaving office, Dr. Kalam continued to inspire students and scientists, traveling across India and delivering motivational lectures.
•    Proposed "Vision 2020", a roadmap for India's development in technology, education, and infrastructure.
•    Contributed to scientific research, rural development, and national innovation programs.

Books by Dr. Kalam

• Wings of Fire (Autobiography)
• Ignited Minds
• India 2020
• My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions
• The Life Tree

Awards & Honors

•    Bharat Ratna (1997) – India’s highest civilian award
•    Padma Vibhushan (1990)<